Classifications of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Essay Example for Free

Classifications of Hybrid Electric Vehicles Essay1. Technology Although the Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been most since the earliest days of automotive industry, they were not able to live up to consumer demand in impairment of price footslog and charging time until recently. A recent survey has revealed what the consumer demands from EVs. According to a study ground on a survey conducted in 17 countries with 13,000 individuals the demanded applied science and the result of the study is that EV technology is at a period of its lifecycle where the performance of the technology is not at a level that guest expects. 1. 1. Range Although there is a high consumer willingness recently to either consider to purchase EV or willing to be a first mover when it comes to EV adoption, many of them does not compromise in Range. Despite the fact that the average consumer does not exceed 50 miles per day, the consumer still demands further range dexterity from EVs. The mass of the consu mers correlate EVs range with conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles 1. Also According to Hidrue, M. (2010) range anxiety is the primary concern of a potential EV consumer.As the figure illustrates, although the greater majority (78%) of consumers in the US drives around 50 miles, a big portion of them have expectation for EV to be able to drive around 300 miles. The current technology allows EVs to drive between virtually 100 miles between charges. The only EV that can get close to consumer demand in term of range is Tesla S (which drives 265 miles) as of 2013. However, the average technology does not live up to consumer demand in terms of drivable range between charges currently.The main constraint for the low range is energy density. According to Deploit (2011), the consider was revealing that with the battery technology in hand the driving range still would fall on the spur of the moment of consumer expectations. 1. 2 Top Speed and Acceleration There be mult iple schools of thought about how consumer bearing affects EV market. According to those consumers would purchase new vehicles whose attributes are superior to those of currently in the market, they would not set about alternatives which are worse than what they have currently 4.As an example Nissan Leaf is rated up to 90 kW of power which is approximately 120 horsepower in ICE which is in line with a astronomic number of compact and intermediate vehicles much(prenominal) as CW Jetta, Toyota Corolla and Ford Focus. There are also rectify EVs in the market in terms of performance, in example Tesla S series can puzzle 416 horsepower and can go up to 130 mph on a high air 5. The moderateness why EV generally does not go more than that is that high speedings drop the fuel capacity dramatically. Table. 1 The performance chart of Tesla S 5 2. Vehicle Architecture 3. 1. Vehicle Architecture.Although there are various frames that can model a vehicles architecture, the following on e is a comprehensive way to understand the functions and interrelationships of the components. In order to adjust the high speed of the electric machine to the low speed wheels, the torque of the left and right wheels are provided by a differential. Basically, the inverter inverts DC voltage battery into three-phase AC voltage that is required by the electric machine. Furthermore, it is also important to account for losses due to the components, which are not a part of the power chain when analyzing the energy consumption.These auxiliary losses comprise excitement system, comfort system, safety systems, etc. It is also very critical that the maximum voltage of the battery is not exceeded during the regenerative braking, to prevent that from happening the architecture is reinforced by braking resistor 6. Exhibit 1. Architecture of a common Electric vehicle 6 3. 1. System Architecture Electric Vehicles architecture is similar at certain points to ICE.Driver interface and command int erpreter receives input from users through steering wheel, brakes, and gas wheel and then by considering vehicle speed and vehicle path, creates propulsion. The motion control comprises two primary blocks such as the path control condition and energy heed controller. Path controller gives forces and moments demands to the force distributor. The energy management controller determines the state of the charge and estimates the overall traction force to be sent to command controller unit 7. Exhibit 2. System architecture7 References 1Deloitte (2011), Survey Electric vehicle realities versus consumer expectations 2 Hidrue, M., (2010) Willingness to Pay for Electric Vehicles and their Attributes 3 Wikipedia, (2013) Plug-in electric cars in the United States http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Plug-in_electric_vehicles_in_the_United_States 4 Lee, H. , Lovellette, G. , (2011) Will Electric Cars transform the U. S. Vehicle Market. 5Wikipedia, Tesla S (2013), http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Tesla _Model_S 6 Shaltz, E. , (2011), Electric Vehicle Design and Modeling. 7 Sinha, P. , Agrawal, V. , (2011), military rating of Electric Vehicle Architecture Alternatives.