Feudal System Essay Example

Feudal System Essay Example Feudal System Paper Feudal System Paper In modern society outdated legal systems, such as the feudal system and the common law, are upon as vanquished memories of the past, but in reality the modern legal systems and laws that we live by today have traces of these memories of the past and have been developed from these outdated ones. The feudal system as a very rich history and are the roots of the Canadian legal system, with a very important significance to our modern system. These traces of ancient legal systems will always be a part of Canadas legal system. About the Feudal System The feudal system is a very big system, filled with rich history. Society was dependent on the feudal system, it was the modern legal system for roughly 1600 years through out Europe, in use from 300 A. D to 1400. The Feudal system was based on allocation of land in return for service. The feudal system could be organized in layers and is often looked at in a diagram of a pyramid, with the most honorable and looked after people were towards the top of the pyramid, and the common people towards the base. There were several groups within this pyramid, varying in distance from the top of the pyramid and base, each group under the highest authority was a vassals to the groups directly above them, this meaning that they swore loyalty to them. The king or emperor would always be at the top of the pyramid and be looked at as the most rueful figures and be the highest of authority to all groups in the pyramid. : Under the highest authorities there would be the lords, who were vassals to the king. Under the lords there would be the knights, who were vassals to the lords. Lastly, under the knights would be the peasants, who were bound under the feudal system and also known as serfs. The king would start out by giving the lords fief, which usually consisted of land and the labor of peasants, and peasants, in return the lords gave shelter to the knights, in return the knights provided honor and public respect, also now as homage, and military service. The knights would then pass on food, protection, and shelter to the base of the pyramid, the peasants, in return the peasants would farm the land and pay rent. The feudal system was a way for the upper nobility class to keep maintained control of the lower classes. The feudal system was a system that led to many modern legal systems that take place today. The Feudal Systems Significance to the Canadian Legal System The feudal system is deeply connected to our current Canadian legal system and has many similarities. The feudal system directly connects with Canadas legal system since both of the systems regulated through taxes. In the feudal system peasants were given land to farm and make a living, shelter, and protection in return they paid rent, which served the same purpose as taxes in the Canadian legal system. In the Canadian legal system citizens must pay taxes to the government yearly and whenever they make a purchase, these taxes go to shelters, medical centers, police forces, and military forces, these are then available for the citizens, giving them Job opportunities, helter, and protection. The feudal system ties into today because in the feudal system, unless you were the highest authority, there was some one who would give orders to you in exchange for something. This happens today, an example of this would be at a Job, a worker is given a order by his boss in exchange for money and benefits, while the boss has also received orders from the possible head office or district in exchange for a greater amount of money and perhaps better or more benefits. This would go on and on until the highest point of authority is reached, who s most likely to be looked as the most powerful. The feudal system still exists within the modern Canadian legal system. Our historic legal systems have been a great part of the worlds past, present, and most likely future. The feudal system has rich content that shows how significant it is to the modern Canadian legal system. The feudal system will always be known as a historic legal system, but will also be looked at as the system that inspired the Canadian legal system and will continue to inspire in centuries to come.

Pure Substance Definition and Examples

Pure Substance Definition and Examples In chemistry, a pure substance is a sample of matter with both definite and constant composition and distinct chemical properties. To avoid confusion, a pure substance is often referred to as a chemical substance. Examples of Pure Substances Examples of pure substances include chemical elements and compounds. Alloys and other solutions may also be considered pure if they have a constant composition. WaterDiamondGoldTable salt (sodium chloride)EthanolBrassBronzeSaline solution Examples of Substances That Are Not Pure In general, any heterogeneous mixture is not a pure substance. If you can see differences in the composition of a material, its impure, at least as far as chemistry is concerned. RocksOrangesWheatLight bulbsShoesSandwiches Common Definition of a Pure Substance To a non-chemist, a pure substance is anything composed of a single type of material. In other words, it is free of contaminants. So, in addition to elements, compounds, and alloys, a pure substance might include honey, even though it consists of many different types of molecules.  If you add corn syrup to the honey, you no longer have pure honey. Pure alcohol could be ethanol, methanol, or a mixture of different alcohols, but as soon as you add water (which is not an alcohol), you no longer have a pure substance. Which Definition to Use For the most part, it does not matter which definition you use, but if you are asked to give examples of pure substances as part of a homework assignment, go with examples that meet the narrow chemical definition: gold, silver, water, salt, etc.

First aid Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

First aid - Case Study Example heart complications and other body malfunctions that do not directly involve the heart; they include such as dehydration, high sea levels, diabetes, and hypertension. Situational fainting entails the loss of consciousness after events such as withdrawal of blood, urination, coughing, and defecation. These activities trigger an involuntary nervous system reaction that slows down the function of the heart leading to dilation of blood vessels in the body. This causes a person to feel weak, sweating and nausea and eventually losing consciousness (First Aid 45). Symptoms of fainting include feeling unsteady and weak, this is followed by passing out that lasts for a short period. However, the period it takes become a victim regains conscious is varies depending on the cause of fainting. Another symptom of fainting is a sudden sticky sweat, difficulty in breathing and nausea. The most common symptom of fainting is blurred visions and a ringing sound in the ears; this is followed by collapsing on the ground. After losing conscious, one may feel confused for almost 30 minutes; the victim may also fail to remember the previous events before they fainted (First Aid for Families 2). Assessment of fainting is done via the help of a theory referred to as FAST, this means Face, Arms, Speech, and Time. Face- the face of the victim looks abnormal, not be able to smile, open their mouth normally, and eyes that are drooped or half closed. Arms- the victim is not able to lift their arms at ease, this is due to feeling of numbness and lack of general body strength. Speech, the victims, show signs of blurred speech; they cannot speak and pronounce words in a normal manner. Time- when all these signs have been assessed, it is time to take the first aid steps or seek professional assistance (Thygerson and Alton 123). 1. If the victim is weak and seems to be about to collapse, try to hold them and assist them to the ground, this is because when people faint, they are not able to

Report on the Role of Project Management in the Modern Business Essay

Report on the Role of Project Management in the Modern Business Enterprise - Essay Example 3.1. The author used the books listed in the appropriate section marked Reference List. Each book was reviewed and their relevant contents included in this report. In-text citations refer to direct quotations lifted or paraphrased from these references. 4.1.1. A Project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to achieve a particular aim. Every project is time-bound, constrained by time and resources, temporary and unique, may involve human resources from one department or from the whole organisation, and require planning, execution, and control (PMI, 2004, p. 3-4). 4.1.2. Project Management is the "application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to a broad range of activities to meet the requirements of the particular project. Project management knowledge and practices are best described in terms of their component processes: Initiating, Planning, Executing, Controlling and Closing" (PMI, 2004, p. 8). 4.1.2.1. A project management team established to work on the project has the task of balancing and satisfying several (often competing) stakeholder interests as to the project's scope, deadlines, financial requirements, risk, and quality while achieving the project's objectives (PMI, 2004, pp. 9-10). 4.1.3. Efficiency and Effectiveness are respectively defined by Drucker (2003, pp. 66-67) as "doing things right" and "doing the right thing". He adds that balancing both is the mark of a business enterprise that is managed properly. 4.1.3.1. Modern business enterprises are characterised by complexity, the need for reaction speed to changes in the marketplace, and business competition. 4.1.3.2. Project management use in modern business enterprises range from the mundane (organising an employee party) to the extraordinary (moving the head office to another location), and from the simple (investigating the failure of a new product) to the complex (launching a marketing information system). All these involve the use of resources (people, finances, materials, and facilities) that need to be managed through a set of activities to achieve a defined objective within a specific timeframe and each provides a venue for the application of project management tools. 4.1.3.3. Several project management tools available to modern business enterprises enable them to manage projects with efficiency and effectiveness. Most of these tools developed in the 1950s from the scientific management theories of F.W. Taylor established in the late 19th century were

Comparative analysis of political participation Essay Example for Free

Comparative analysis of political participation Essay The change in political participation is currently a hotly discussed topic. Low turnouts in the 2001 and 2005 UK general elections, along with falling membership of political parties have led political organisations to discover the reasons for this (BBC, 2006). One method is to use comparative analysis. This â€Å"is about comparing aspects of countries’ political systems† (Dobson, 2005, p.140) to try to understand why a phenomenon occurs in one country or time period but not in another. This essay looks at two factors, which evidence suggests affect political participation: gender and socio-economic standing. It examines whether comparative analysis is a useful tool for studying this topic. It concludes that whilst comparative politics is helpful at identifying participation trends, it is too simplistic to provide practical answers and that further studies are required to reveal useful outcomes. Historically, conventional ways for citizens to participate in politics were by voting in elections and joining a political party. The decline in these activities has led some to believe there is political apathy in Britain. However Helena Kennedy (cited by White, 2006, p.4), chair of the Commission which produced the Power to the People report (2006) denies this, saying that despite â€Å"no longer want[ing] to join a party or get involved in formal politics,† people instead take direct action by raising money for charities, joining protest marches, signing petitions and undertaking volunteering work within their communities. The possibility for differing definitions of key outcomes is a disadvantage for comparative analysis. A study that defines participation in terms such as voting or contacting politicians will conclude that political participation has decreased and supports the political apathy theory, whereas, a study such as the Citizen Audit (2001), using â€Å"unorthodox† definitions, such as membership of political organisations (anything from trade unions to community groups) or financially supporting activist organisations, find that participation is still strong. The Citizen Audit â€Å"found that approximately 40 per cent of adults belong to at least one political organisation† (Smith, 2005, p.83)  and â€Å"there is little evidence of widespread apathy† (Smith, 2005, p.84). When trying to create policies to increase political participation, these conflicting results are unhelpful. Following a 2002 European Union directive, which required member states to â€Å"promote equality in relation to sexual orientation, age and religion in addition to race, gender and disability† (Squires, 2005, p.119), European governments began to initiate changes to the way women were represented within parliament. Governments did not necessarily choose the same initiatives and comparative analysis is useful to identify quickly the comparative success of each government’s initiatives. (See table 1, Appendix). Political systems are hugely complex and as Dobson states; â€Å"Each day most of us find ourselves describing, explaining and predicting something. Comparative politics is no more, then, than carrying out these apparently basic human activities in the context of what we are calling ‘political worlds’ † (Dobson, 2005, p.143). Comparing what happens in different countries or different political systems enables the analysis of differences and similarities and thereby, identifying factors that can be applied generally to simplify complex systems. For example Table 1 shows that Nordic countries have significantly higher levels of female participation in comparison to the UK. A policy maker, looking to increase participation by UK women, can then look at why there is such a large disparity between the two countries and whether there is something the UK could learn from Nordic policy. This illustrates another advantage of comparative study; it gives opportunity to expand one’s knowledge of political worlds. For comparison there must be at least two things to compare which must be evidently different. In political comparison, this is often two different countries and even if one is one’s own, the other will not be and â€Å"if we assume that knowledge of others is a prerequisite for finding our way around, and managing, a globalizing world, then comparative politics seems to be of increasing practical importance† (Dobson, 2005, p.143). Expanding one’s knowledge is generally auspicious and simplifying complex  information is usually advantageous although over simplification is a risk. Table 2 shows the same information as table 1 but for the elections that were held closest to the time of the aforementioned EU directive. Figure 1 shows the percentage point difference between both elections. Using this information, that same policy maker may feel that focussing on France’s policies would be of much greater value than that of the Nordic countries as, in only 10 years, France has almost doubled the amount of women who hold parliamentary seats. Comparing and ranking countries can be useful but, as illustrated here, it is only part of a story and great care must be taken when interpreting comparative data. Oversimplification is a distinct risk of comparative analysis. It is possible to mitigate the risk by undertaking more study, producing more data and a more sophisticated and detailed analysis to guide forecasting or policy change. It is important that one considers this potential issue when working with conclusions drawn from comparative analysis. In 2005 the Electoral Commission produced a research report, Social Exclusion and Political Engagement. Its aim was to explore â€Å"why those experiencing social disadvantage tend to also be the most politically excluded in society.† (Electoral Commission, 2005) Looking at the aim of this report highlights an advantage of using comparative politics but also a disadvantage. The advantage is that it allows testing of hypotheses; in this case, those who experience social disadvantage are more likely to be politically excluded. By comparing different circumstances, one can find out what factors affect the political situation in a country, giving an idea as to what particular social/financial or other conditions might give rise to say, reform or revolution in the future. The possibility to predict outcomes is especially important for politicians; â€Å"the possibility of knowing that under certain social conditions, policy X will produce outcome Y† (Dobson, 2005, p.144) all ows them to make informed policy decisions. The disadvantage is that in research, subjectivity and objectivity can sometimes be lost. Baxter, (cited by Dobson, 2005, p.146) points out; â€Å"Research is not a wholly objective activity carried out by detached scientists. It is a social activity powerfully affected by the researcher’s  own motivations and values.† In this case, the researcher(s) has(ve) already taken on the axiom that those with social disadvantages are politically excluded. This does not necessarily mean that conclusions drawn by social scientists are useless it just means that it is important that anyone working with these conclusions is aware that they â€Å"might be ‘contaminated’ by their [comparative scientists’] own motivations and values† (Dobson, 2005, p.154). The report drew together much information on the subject and found that the ‘working class’ (C2DEs) were 21 percentage points less likely to vote than the ‘middle class’ (ABC1), 60% to 41%. It also found â€Å"ABC1s twice as likely as C2DEs to take advantage of the opportunity to contact their elected representatives: two-thirds of those who present their views to their councillors or MPs are ABC1s†¦ Political activism is higher among ABC1s than C2DEs (23% as compared to 7%). Across a range of different activities which could still be defined as ‘political’, there is a correlation with class and income†¦ those in the lowest social class, the poorest in society and the less educated were less likely to be politically active than those who are in a higher social class† (Electoral Commission, 2005, p.9). This gives a lot of interesting information and seems to make it clear that there is a correlation between social class and political participation but then it could be argued that it does not really say anything useful. It illustrates a difference but it does not give any reason for this difference. It does not give any principles that one could draw from the comparisons to enable one to make wider or more generalised conclusions about what would lessen the gap. Anyone using the data runs the risk of putting their own interpretation on the results, as stated by Lewis (cited in Dobson, 2005, p.157) â€Å"the development of the comparatives’ tools seems to involve the interpretation of political reality rather than its simple and problem-free observation†. The other difficulty with this is that people interpret things in different ways and one person’s interpretation of these results might not be another’s. This runs the risk of further confusion rather tha n clarifying issues. To conclude, Dobson asks; â€Å"Whether, despite their peculiarities, we can build  theories for comparing political worlds that will enable us to offer general truths about them. Or are we only ever able to tell stories about them – stories rich in specific detail but devoid of generalizable truths?† (Dobson, 2005, p.140). Comparative analysis is a key tool in identifying trends in participation. It also allows for the testing of hypothesis and for simplification of complicated data, with the possibility of expanding ones knowledge; all notable advantages. However, the disadvantages of contamination and misinterpretation along with the possibility for over simplification reveal crucial limitations, meaning that comparative analysis offers little in the way of definitive predictions about or practical answers which could influence political participation. References BBC, 2006. Political system faces ‘meltdown’. BBC UK Politics. Available at: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/4753876.stm [Accessed 3 December, 2014]. Electoral Commission, 2005. Available at: http://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/63835/Social-exclusion-and-political-engagement.pdf [Accessed 4 December, 2014]. Dobson, A., Story telling and theory building: comparing political worlds. In: Lewis, P ed. 2005. Exploring Political Worlds. Milton Keynes, The Open University Smith, M., Taking part in politics. In: Lewis, P ed. 2005. Exploring Political Worlds. Milton Keynes, The Open University Squires, J., Common citizenship and plural identities: the politics of social difference. In: Lewis, P ed. 2005. Exploring Political Worlds. Milton Keynes, The Open University White, I., Power Inquiry, 2006. Power to the People: the report of Power, an Independent Inquiry into Britain’s Democracy. Commons Library Standard Note, Power to the People: the report of Power, an Independent Inquiry into Britain’s Democracy. Commons Library Standard Note. Available at: http://www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/SN03948/power-to-the-people-the-report-of-power-an-independent-inquiry-into-britains-democracy [Accessed 3 December, 2014]. Whiteley, P.F., Pattie, C. and Seyd, P., Citizen Audit of Great Britain, 2000-2001 [computer file]. Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive [distributor], March 2005. SN: 5099, http://dx.doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-5099-1

Marriage Essay -- essays research papers

Marriage Marriage is the bond between two people of the opposite sex that have went in front of a minister and exchanged vows. Marriage is different for every one, and I have been influenced a great deal by my parents. My parents have been married for the past 26 years and they will probably stay that way the rest of their lives. However marriage is not what it once was, today you have people getting into a marriage for other reasons than love and knowing that they can get out of the marriage if they feel any anxiety or conflicts of interest. Marriage is a special bond that has been destabilized over the years. Twenty years ago values and beliefs about marriage were very different. People did not think about the easy way out, divorce. My mother and father have been married for the past twenty-six years and the times have not been easy for either one of them, however, they were raised in a way that divorce was not an option. Both my mother’s parents and my father’s parents have or had been married to the same person their whole lives. Parents believe that marriage is the friendship and closeness which two people share for the rest of their lives.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am a product of my parents and I have much of the same values and beliefs that they have. I was engaged to a girl for a year and a half before I came to a realization that she was not the one that I wanted to settle down with for the rest of my life. I think marriage is a life long companionship. I am glad that I did not...

Nickel Base Super Alloys For Aerospace Materials Engineering Essay

A ace metal, high public presentation metal is an metal which exhibits first-class mechanical strength and weirdo opposition and besides have good corrosion and oxidization opposition. Super metal typical have a matrix with face centered three-dimensional crystal construction. A Ace metal base debasing component is nickel, Co, or nickel-iron. In Earlier 1950 ‘s unstained steel is used as a ace metal. Super metal growing that has quickly improved both on chemical and processing of that which led to rapid growing in aerospace, industrial gas turbine and marine turbine industry. In which nickel base ace metal are used in the readying of the turbine blades which can defy long clip at the elevated temperatures for the betterment of the public presentation of the turbine. Desirable features of high temperature ace metals: 1. Nickel basal metal should hold ability to defy lading at an operating temperatures near to the thaw point. 2. It has significant opposition to mechanical debasement over the drawn-out period of clip ( immune to crawl ) . 3. It should digest terrible runing environments ( immune to corrosive atmosphere ) .Chemical composing and Microstructure of Nickel base super alloys.Earlier Ni-based ace metal was derived from metals incorporating add-ons of chromium, copper, carbon monoxide and fe.With belongingss superior to that of chromium steel steels as these individual stage Ni-base metal exhibits good high temperature strength and corrosion opposition. As rigorous demands of the quickly developing aerospace industry. To better the above desirable features of the ace alloys aluminium add-ons to be added to individual stage nickel base super alloys to bring forth two stage microstructure to organize ordered ?1 matrix distributed within a broken ? matrix. In the stage diagram as the Al degrees typically at about 18 atomic % and staying 70-80 % as Ni. As the big emphasiss are required for the disruption of the ?1precipitates to boot shearing of the precipitates the ordination of the ?1 precipitates requires the formation of the anti stage boundary. As the big emphasis required for orowan obeisance and the shearing of the precipitates. So, these cubelike crystals of the secondary stage are highly effectual in suppressing the mobility of the disruptions. And besides improves the weirdo belongingss at the temperatures from 700-10000c.As the high temperature belongingss of Ni-base super metals are: Ni has a face centered three-dimensional crystal construction with high thaw temperature which makes it malleable and tough.Ni is stable in Fcc crystal construction from room temperature to its runing point. so there is no stage alteration and diffusion rates in Ni are low which improves microstructure stableness at elevated temperatures. As the misfit between the ? and ?1 precipitates will alter the microstructure under the influence of th e emphasis as this is controlled by changing the chemical composings and treating conditions. As in the Ni base ? – ?1 precipitates the strength and weirdo opposition has been increased by developing some technology solutions to get the better of the restrictions. The major debasing elements that should be added to Ni base metals are Al, Ni, Ti and Nb as the add-on of these tend to divider of preferentially to intermetallic ?1 precipitates. Co add-on provides solid solution beef uping but is chiefly added to modify the ?1 solvus temperatures. And other debasing add-ons are Re, W, Mo, V, Cr and Pt group metals are added to beef up to both solid ? and ?1 precipitates at elevated temperatures. As the Al and Cr both are added to beef up the Ni-base metals but depending upon the belongingss required should be added for one peculiar set of belongingss. The minor debasing elements such as B, C, Zr and Hf, were added ensuing in the formation of the carbides and on occasion borides at the grain boundary. As the C atoms exhibit high affinity for the elements such as Hf, Zr, Ta and Ti, Nb, tungsten, Mo, V and Cr, the bulk of carbides in Ni-base metal is metal atom carbides may precipitate from liquid during hardening. As the carbides may impact the weariness belongingss of the stuff the presence of the distinct carbide at the grain boundary inhibits the sliding and harm during the weirdo.Creep behavior of Ni-based metals:Creep is the distortion under the influence of emphasiss at elevated temperature. Creep is the clip dependent, inelastic and irrerecoverable distortion. Creep is more terrible in stuffs subjected to heat for a long periods. As creep ever increases with temperature. The rate of distortion of the stuff depends upon the stuff belongingss, clip, temperature and applied emphasis. See the blades of the turbines as the weirdo of the blade is to reach the shell, ensuing in the failure of the blade. Creep does non happen all of a sudden like brickle stuffs as it is a clip dependent distortion. The phases of the weirdo are in the primary phase strain rate is comparatively high, but slows with increasing strain this is due to work hardening, in the secondary phase the strain rate finally reaches minimal and becomes changeless and in the concluding phase strain additions quickly because of the necking phenomena. General creep equations: d?/dt = C?m/db e-q/kt Where ? is the weirdo strain, C is changeless dependant on the stuff, ? is the applied emphasis, m and B are the advocates depend on weirdo is the grain size, K is Boltzmann ‘s invariable. There are 3 types of weirdo:Dislocation weirdo:Dislocation weirdo of the stuff is the motion of the disruptions through the crystal lattice. It causes fictile distortion of the single crystals at the terminal of the stuff. d?/dt = A?ne-q/ktNabarro-herring weirdo:Nabarro-herring weirdo is a signifier of diffusion weirdo in which atoms migrate within the grain boundary to stretch grain along the emphasis axis. At higher temperatures the diffusivity additions due to the direct temperature dependance of the equation, the addition in the vacancy through defect formation, an addition in the mean energy of the atoms in the stuff.Coble weirdo:Coble weirdo is besides one of the diffusion controlled weirdo as the atoms diffuse along the grain boundary which produces a net flow of the stuff and a sliding of the grain boundaries.Defects in crystals:a – interstitial dross atom in the crystal lattice b – Edge disruption in the crystal c – Self interstitial atom of the stuff d – Vacancy in the lattice construction e – Precipitate of dross atoms f – Vacancy disruption of the cringle g – Interstitial disruption in the cringle h – Substitution dross atom in the stuffDislocations:Dislocation is a 1-D defect as the lattice is merely disturbed along the disruption line. The disruption of the crystal may be generated due to some vacancies, point defects, interstitial drosss in the crystal lattice.Edge Dislocation:The motion of the disruption moves the crystal from one side relation to the other. In the figure below the left figure shows the shutting of the disruption crystal. And the right figure shows same concatenation of base vectors in a perfect mention lattice and the circuit does non shut the vector which closes the circuit is called Burgers vector which represents the disruption of the crystal.Screw disruption:The atomic representation of the screw disruption is complicated and still Burgers vector is possible to stand for the disruption. If we move on the circuit of the disruption it will travel in a handbill like a prison guard. So, this is called as prison guard disruption as the Burgers vector does non alterations in both the disruptions but there is a alteration in the mark convention depending upon the clockwise and anti clock rotary motion of the vectors along the circuit.Defects in the gamma premier stage:The defects in the gamma premier stage undergo 3 types of defects they are 1. Planar defects 2. Line defects 3. Point defects As the defects the Ni and Al atoms, when bonded together an interface boundary known as the anti-phase boundary offprints Ni-Ni and Al-Al bonds as the figure of Ni-Al bonds near the APB is well reduced. In the line defects the stage dissociate into partial disruptions. In the point defects as the compositional scope of Al is 23 to 27 % .Thus, merely little divergences causes the point defects.Strengthening in nickel base metals:The mechanical belongingss of the Ni based alloys depend on the province of microstructure, chemical composing and processing conditions. As the disruptions of the stuff is reduced by some beef uping mechanisms to increase the hardness and strength. Work hardening: Solid solution strengthening/alloying: In this mechanism the solute atoms of one component are added to another, ensuing in either significant or interstitial point defects. The solute atoms cause lattice deformations that impede disruption gesture. The emphasis required to travel disruptions in the stuff is: ? = Gbc1/2?3/2 Where degree Celsius is the solute concentration and ? is the strain on the stuff caused by solutePrecipitation Hardening:In most metals, 2nd stage can be precipitated from matrix in solid province. The atoms that compose the 2nd stage precipitates act as traping points in a similar mode to solutes. The disruptions in a stuff can interact with the precipitate atoms in one of two ways. If the precipitate atoms are little, the disruptions would cut through them. If larger precipitate atoms, looping or obeisance of the disruptions would happen. For atom looping/bowing ? = Gb/L-2r For atom film editing ? = r/bLGrain boundary strengthening:In metals grain size has enormous influence on the mechanical belongingss. Because grains normally have changing crystallographic orientations, grain boundary arises. The emphasis required to travel a disruption from one grain to another in order to plastically deform a stuff depends on the grain size. The mean figure of disruptions per grain lessenings with mean grain size.Processing of individual crystal Nickel based metals:Hardening theory:Equations for growing:Hardening is a physical alteration from liquid province to solid province of the stuff. As the heat transportation from the system to the milieus. In general, the composing of solid should be different from that of the liquid with an impure stuff will besides necessitate conveyance of solute. The regulating equations for the diffusion of heat and solute is I = S for solid and L for liquid, Ci =solute concentration in stage I, Ti = temperature in stage I, Di= solute diffusion coefficient in stage I, ? = Thermal diffusion coefficient, At the interface between solid and liquid Ts1 = TL1 = TI TI = Temperature of solid/liquid interface. CsI = kCL1 K = distribution coefficientSolute under chilling:This is the equation under chilling due to the presence of the solute in the stuff. The composing of the liquid at the interface, CL1 will in general will be different from the majority composing. If the stuff is pure ( ?Ts = 0 )Curvature under chilling, ?T?T? = ?â€Å" ( 1/R1+1/R2 ) â€Å" = Gibbs Thomson coefficient. R1, R2 = rule radii of curvature As the Gibbs Thomson consequence arise due to the extra energy associated with the formation of a solid/liquid interface.Kinetic under chilling ?Tk:Growth of stage is a non equilibrium procedure during the procedure atoms gain energy between liquid and solid and a net transportation of atom will merely happen. As the drive force through the under chilling is known as kinetic under chilling.Interface construction:The interface construction is dependent on the solid/liquid interface bonding. The growing of the interface may be of two types.1. Faceted growing:In faceted growing the crystals are bonded by angular surfaces turning to crystallographic plane. As the substances exhibit complex crystal construction and way bonding.2. Non-Faceted growing:There is similarity between constructions, denseness and bonding in the solid and liquid interface. The dynamicss is independent of crystal orientation and the interface between the two stages will be more gradual and it becomes automatically unsmooth.Hardening of pure stuffs:For pure stuffs the above solute equations are non important. As in the under chilling for the pure stuffs ?Ts = 0.There stableness of the solid/liquid interface for pure stuffs will be dependent on the conditions of growing. There are two methods1. Columnar ( or ) directional hardening:In the directional hardening heat is extracted through the solid in the opposite way to the growing way.2. Equiaxed hardening:The heat extracted through the under cooled liquid into which the free crystals are turning. As the disturbance in the hardening forms spherical interface. Heat rejected is more the spherical interface will ever be unstable.Hardening of Binary metals:Directional hardening of binary metals for two-dimensional interface:The growing produced by easy traveling liquid specimen from a furnace. It is known as directional hardening. For two-dimensional interface, ?Tr =0 and the equilibrium at the interface ?Tk =0.Therfore the under chilling and compos ings at the interface will be given equilibrium. For the hardening of the metal three instances are to be considered. A Typical stage diagram of a two component metal.1. Complete commixture in liquid, none in solid:This is practically merely possible when either the specimen length is really little or if a convective commixture in the liquid. The solute rejected by each little volume of the solid to organize distributed equally throughout the staying liquid.2. No convection diffusion in liquid, none in solid:This state of affairs occurs in thin specimen, gravitation stabilised or infinite experiment. Hardening begins with an initial transient during which an enriched solute boundary bed builds up in front of the solid/liquid interface.3. Partial commixture by convection in liquid:In this method presume a dead boundary bed of width in front of the solid/liquid interface in which conveyance occurs by diffusion merely. Outside this bed there is a complete commixture in the liquid.Columnar and Equiaxed grain construction:Equiaxed grain construction: The heat is extracted through the under chilling liqui d. The temperature at the tip of the dendrite is negative. This is besides known as stray growing or unconstrained growing. The commanding parametric quantity for the growing speed is merely the under chilling Columnar grain construction: The heat is extracted through the solid in the opposite way to the growing way. The temperature at the tip of the dendrites is positive. It has constrained growing because the speed is fixed.Investing casting for individual crystal turbine blades:Investing casting is besides known as low wax casting. This procedure is one of the oldest fabrication procedures. It can be used to do the parts that can non be produced by normal fabricating technique such as turbine blades and high temperature aerospace stuffs. The cast is made up of form utilizing wax or some other stuff that can be melted off. This wax form is dipped in the furnace lining slurry, which coats the wax. This is dried and the procedure of dunking in the slurry and drying is repeated until a robust thickness is achieved. After the full form is placed in the oven and the wax is melted off. The stuff used for the slurry dwelling of binder and a mixture of aluminum oxide, ziricon and silicon oxide followed by stuccoing. The mold therefore produced can be used straight for the light casting. A conventional diagram of investing casting procedure Grain boundary picker:Growth of individual crystal metal utilizing grain picker:The blades of individual grain construction is achieved by directional hardening combined with a coiling grain picker with cylindrical base seed as in projecting metalworkss, the block is placed at the underside of the mold. The mold is withdrawn from the furnace to turn the blade. Several grains nucleated with the starter block can turn into a coiling transition manner and most of them will be eliminated and merely one grain survives during the growing. If the hardening in the organic structure starts from a individual crystal. As the grain orientation optimisation and a coiling grain picker easing dendrite ramification to guarantee that merely individual grain finally survives at the top of the seedDirectional hardening in investing casting:In the directional hardening to turn columnar grains the heat should be extracted through the solid, in the opposite way to the growing way. For Ni-base metals, the most rapid dendrite growing way is selected as the long axis for the blades.

Allman Brothers Band

Hailing from Macon, Georgia, the Allman Brothers Band were know as the foremost architects of Southern rock (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005). The band was known for their jam or improvisational sessions and forged a new musical offshoot from several elements of music blues, jazz, soul, R&B, and rock and roll. They help advance the genre of rock and roll, along with groups like the Grateful Dead and Cream (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005).The Allman Brothers Band developed a type of â€Å"jam† session that required a distinct level of technical genius and musical literacy, which was somewhat new to rock and roll (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005). Duane Allman, an original guitarist, and Dickey Betts broke the barrier with sensational guitar riffs and extended solos (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005). This combined with front man Gregg Allman’s husky, soulful vocals dro ve the Allman Brothers Band to rock and roll powerhouse from their 1969 beginnings (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005).The legendary band was formed in Jacksonville, Florida on March 26, 1969. The Allman Brothers Band was comprised of Gregg Allman, Duane Allman, Dickey Betts, Jai Johanny Johanson, Butch Trucks, and Berry Oakley (Freeman, 1995). The brothers, Gregg and Duane, were in other garage bands before the Allman Brothers Band (Freeman, 1995). The Allman Brothers Band played shows throughout the south prior to the release of their debut album, the Allman Brothers Band. The critics adored the album; however, the album attracted only limited listeners and consisted of a cult audience (Freeman, 1995).Their follow-up album, Idlewild South, was a mass success, both with critics and listeners. Idlewild South became a rather profitable album, as well. The Allman Brothers Band received a great honor of playing the last act at the Fillmore East before its closin g in June 1971. These last acts also received a renowned status due to their ability to play all night long (Kimball, 1971). Gregg Allman was noted to say that it was hard to realize how long they were playing until the morning light poured in (Kimball, 1971).In 1971, the Allman Brothers Band was virtually kicked in the groin when Duane Allman was killed in a catastrophic motorcycle crash in Macon, Georgia (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005). Gregg Allman said his brother Duane was the most intense person he knew. Only a year later, on November 11, 1972, Allman Brothers Band bassist, Berry Oakley died in a similar situation – his death occurred only a few blocks from Duane’s accident site (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005). The band regrouped and persevered.A second keyboardist, Chuck Leavell, added a jazz-like dimension. Lamar Williams later replaced Oakley as the band’s bassist. The most commercially successful album came in wake of their tragic losses (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005). The double album Eat a Peach reached number four on the charts. This album included Duane Allman’s last three studio performances. In 1973, Brothers and Sisters soared to number one and stayed there for five weeks, which included classics like â€Å"Blue Sky† and â€Å"Ramblin’ Man,† and lengthy pieces.In the same year, the Allman Band, along with the Grateful Dead, performed at the Grand Prix Racecourse in front of 600,000 rock and roll fans (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005). The mid-seventies proved problematic with substance abuse and internal disagreement. This triggered a two-year hiatus. However, the Gregg Allman band toured with the Dickey Betts Band in August of 1978 (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005). This rejoined the Allman Brothers Band and reverted to their classic dual-guitar line up.They w ould then move from Capricorn to Arista records. History repeats itself and the Allman Brothers Band disbanded again in 1982 (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005). In 1989, Dreams, the box set, was released, and the band reunited for what would later become the most productive chapters in their history. With two additions, Warren Haynes and Allen Woody, the band was revitalized. Their playing was as strong as ever, even dating back to the late Duane Allman and Berry Oakley (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005).The most stable line-up in the history of the Allman Brothers Band capitalized in 1991. The septet was consisted of Gregg Allman, Dickey Betts, Butch Trucks, Jaimoe Johanson, Warren Haynes, Allen Woody, and Marc Quinones (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005). Warren Haynes passed through their ranks capturing the technique and passion of the late Duane Allman (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005).The Allman Brothers Band released two of their most inspired albums in the early nineties, Shades of Two Worlds and Where It All Begins (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005). This line-up came to an end with the departure of Haynes and Woody to their side project Government Mule (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005). In 2000, the band forced Dickey Betts to sit out for personal and professional reasons during their summer tour.A bitter argument rose from this – Dickey Betts filled a lawsuit against the other three original members and the summer disconnection became a permanent divorce (Freeman, 1995). The band release a live album, Peakin’ At the Beacon, that chronicled the annual March tradition of a several night stand at the Beacon Theater in New York City. However, within that same year, bassist Allen Woody was found dead on August 26th. Warren Haynes began appearing with the Allman Brothers Band in 200 and rejoin ed full-time in 2001 (Rock and Roll Hall of Fame the Allman Brothers Band, 2005).The Allman Brothers gathered back to back Grammy Award nominations in 2003 and 2004 in the category of Best Rock Instrumental for performance of â€Å"Instrumental Illness. † The Rolling Stone magazine named Duane Allman, Warren Haynes, Dickey Betts, and Derek Trucks to their list of top 100 greatest guitarist (Kimball, 1971). Allman came in at number two, and Derek Trucks being the youngest on the list. The Allman Brothers Band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for many reasons. Their influential blended rock style paved the way for Southern rock.Their all-night, play to dawn sessions were fan favorites. Their albums were critically acclaimed and Grammy worthy. This band is legendary and according to George Kimball of Rolling Stones magazine â€Å", This is the best damn rock and roll band this country has produced†¦(Kimball, 1971). References Freeman, Scott. Midnight Riders The Story of the Allman Brothers Band. 1995. Kimball, George. Fillmore East Review. Rolling Stone magazine. 1971. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Allman Brothers Band. 2005.

Free Essays on Agatha Christie

were â€Å"A good mystery is never solved† (Dommermuth-Costa 108). Agatha Christie le... Free Essays on Agatha Christie Free Essays on Agatha Christie When I think of mystery novels, I think of just one name-Agatha Christie. In a writing career that spanned more than half a century, Agatha Christie wrote 79 novels and short story collections (Dubose 42). Agatha Miller was born in Torquay, England on September 15, 1980 to a rich, loving family. Her father died when she was a child. Christie was educated home, where her mother encouraged her to write from very early age. She enjoyed writing, and it became a passion for her. She did not have a very active social life, so she spent most of her time writing stories and poems. At sixteen she was sent to school in Paris where she studied singing and piano. Christie was an accomplished pianist but her stage fright and shyness prevented her from pursuing a career in music. When Christie's mother took her to Cairo for a winter, where she started writing her first novel, Mysterious Affairs at Styles. Encouraged by Eden Philpotts, neighbor and friend in Torquay, she devoted herself to writing and had short stories published (Morgan 23). Later, In 1914 Christie married Archibald Christie, an officer in the Flying Royal Corps. Their daughter, Rosalind, was born in 1919. During World War I she worked in a Red Cross Hospital as a hospital dispenser, which gave her a knowledge of poisons. This became a big interest, and most of her books had something to do with death by poison. In 1926, Archie asked for a divorce, having fallen in love with another woman. Agatha, already upset by the recent death of her mother, had disappeared. All of England became wrapped up in the case of the now famous missing writer. For eleven days, Agatha went missing. She was found three weeks later in a small hotel, explaining to police that she had lost her memory. Agatha Christie, â€Å"The Queen of Crime†, died at Wallingford in Oxford shire on Jan. 12, 1976. Her dying words were â€Å"A good mystery is never solved† (Dommermuth-Costa 108). Agatha Christie le...

Heat of Fusion Example Problem - Melting Ice

Heat of Fusion Example Problem - Melting Ice Heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy required to change the state of matter of a substance from a solid to a liquid. Its also known as enthalpy of fusion. Its units are usually Joules per gram (J/g) or calories per gram (cal/g). This example problem demonstrates how to calculate the amount of energy required to melt a sample of water ice. Key Takeaways: Heat of Fusion for Melting Ice Heat of fusion is the amount of energy in the form of heat that is needed to change the state of matter from a solid to a liquid (melting).The formula to calculate heat of fusion is: q m ·ÃŽâ€HfNote that the temperature does not actually change when matter changes state, so its not in the equation or needed for the calculation.Except for melting helium, heat of fusion is always a positive value. Heat of Fusion Problem - Melting Ice What is the heat in Joules required to melt 25 grams of ice? What is the heat in calories?Useful information: heat of fusion of water 334 J/g 80 cal/gSolution: In the problem, the heat of fusion is given. This isnt a number youre expected to know off the top of your head. There are chemistry tables that state common heat of fusion values.  To solve this problem, youll need the formula that relates heat energy to mass and heat of fusion:q m ·ÃŽâ€Hfwhereq heat energym massΔHf heat of fusion Keep in mind, temperature is not anywhere in the equation because it doesnt change when matter changes state. The equation is straightforward, so the key is to make sure youre using the right units for the answer. To get heat in Joules:q (25 g)x(334 J/g)q 8350 JIts just as easy to express the heat in terms of calories:q m ·ÃŽâ€Hfq (25 g)x(80 cal/g)q 2000 calAnswer:The amount of heat required to melt 25 grams of ice is 8350 Joules or 2000 calories. Note, heat of fusion should be a positive value (the exception is helium). If you get a negative number, check your math!

Management, Leadership and Skills - Planning and Control Assignment

Management, Leadership and Skills - Planning and Control - Assignment Example Project management is incomplete without a good leader and project staff. These people combine their skills with technology and communication infrastructure to achieve project goals. However, increasing global competition has created multiple problems for project managers. Some of these problems include changes in goals, breakdowns in communication, unrealistic schedules, improper planning, ambiguity in goals, non-motivated and uncommitted workforce etc. In this fast-paced environment, it is therefore important to have good project managers who can overcome such issues. Project management is an integral part of the business entities now and organizations need strong project managers to lead various projects. The effectiveness of projects depends on the quality of management which is achieved by the hard work of people. In the field of project management, the workers and the staff associated with the project play an integral role in making it a success or a failure. In this research paper, project management has been discussed with in-depth details. Moreover, the role of project leaders and the impact of their leadership style on the motivation of people has also been analyzed critically. Theories related to leadership and motivation would add more value to the topic and make it more credible. Furthermore, the impact of good infrastructure in terms of smooth communication between project leaders and the project staff would also be studied deeply. The role and characteristics of project leaders heavily influence project management. According to Riaz et. al, literature has usually ignored the impact of project manager’s leadership capabilities on the success of projects as one of the most significant success factors. The authors have argued that project manager’s effective leadership style is vital for the success of projects.  

An Evolving Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

An Evolving Industry - Research Paper Example Before, people were forced to line up in movie houses to view the latest film release. Or if one wanted to view a previously released film, one had to go to a Blockbuster Video store, open a membership account and rent out these films. Today, practically anybody with a YouTube account may now upload their movies for the whole world to see. Other websites like Movielocker allows filmmakers to also publish their own videos. In the same way, audiences may now just go to websites like TheOnlyDevice.com, Momomesh, and others to view as much movies as they want. Needless to say, the Internet has hurt big-time movie production suits initially. But then these moneymakers have ingeniously used technology to their full advantage and have in fact exploited the internet in creating buzz for their films. Indeed, the Internet has opened up a multitude of ways for filmmakers to produce and distribute films and for audiences to view these films as