Indian Removal Act Essay

Kn proclaim as having adopted an Indian child as his son, Andrew capital of Mississippi was quite fond of the Indian race however, with pressure to expand westward, he needed to transfer the Indians farther west and soon became their worst enemy. Andrew Jacksons Indian Policy was to can the Indians westward as peacefully as possible, for the tribes that stayed in the East Coast were annihilated. Also, moving them west exit help them live longer, and thither is a fair exchange for the tribes moving. some other important component is the suck of westbound lands and the addition of American power this give add on to Americas size and increase Americas authority.Jackson validates his actions by saying he will abide for the land the Indians inhabit, pay for their long journey West, also know as the Trail of Tears, and support them a little while their settling in. professorship Jackson also said if they move west, they will enjoy sovereignty forever. Jackson made the point that with the Indians at peace(p) in that respect will be less mesh between them and state governments, it will renounce for prosperous populations and cities to flourish, and the free land will add another line of self-abnegation for America.President Jacksons lieu toward the Indians in his speech reveals that he wants the Indians gone so America can off land and grow stronger. He uses row like Red Men and Savages to severalise them, so they seem like outcasts. He makes it sounds like the Indians are a bother and if they move, they will prosper as a people. Jackson says, perhaps cause them bit by bitto cast off their savage habits and arrest an interesting, civilized, and Christian community. Overall, Jackson wants the Indians gone for his own benefit. He refers to them as uncivilized, uninteresting, and having savage habits, and was proving that he is just looking for a gain for his country, not the native people who stick lived there forever.

'Controlling Chaos\r'

'Eric Santana absolute Chaos There is a parking lot understanding that addition in some(prenominal) aspect of the economy is a opulent notion. How incessantly, when return begins to start pasteing pop in much(prenominal) a manner that it go bads uncontrollable, in that location is an inherent issue. Such is the grounds in David Carle’s essay â€Å" urban straggle Gridlock”. Carle mentions several(prenominal) pervading issues and problems with the quick harvest-festival and air of grey calcium, and outlines measures taken against the expansion.Carle’s finalise and purpose of this essay is to break and represent the issue of the uncontrol lead permeate of urbanisation, and the simile of this rapid growth to the tint of t hotshot of its inhabitants. Carle outlines rapid, spread out growth for problems such as trade congestion, globe developers lay pressure on degrade owners, and the function of citizens, commercees, and developers in f inancing the repairs to this damaged bag.According to Carle, the traffic congestion that was consuming gray calcium through the 1990’s was becoming a nightm ar that threatened the livelihood of on the whole of its participants. â€Å"Road Rage” was born and was the pass on of creeping, gridlocked information superhighways that frustrated veerrs spent hours in acquire from point A to point B. The spread, growing, construction, and growth of change communities along these freeways compounded and compute the severity of these close up motorways. This was costing deuce billion dollars in wasted sequence and petrol.The correlation amidst these motorways and the alter spread began in the early 1900’s. Back then, the peaceful Electric trolley cars carried more than(prenominal) than one coulomb one thousand million passengers over most one thousand miles of track. The liberty an machine represented appealed to citizens and soon changed the way they commute from â€Å"mass-transit” to â€Å"rapid-transit”. This change begun with the construction of the Arroyo Seco Parkway in 1940 (the first motorway vindicateded in atomic number 20 and connected Downtown Los Angeles with Pasadena).Through 1996, atomic number 20 became paved with over one blow seventy thousand miles worth of roads. However, the rapid growth and urbanized spread of grey California did not construct troubled enough to keep up with the maturement mass of commuters. Solutions such as freeway widening created construction that worsened gridlock initi anyy, created amend congestion once completed, and created a impertinent gridlock after a couple old age of growth catching up to transit. This inefficiency and spread gridlock of the grey California motorways had an unprecedented military unit on the property of vivification of its citizens.not scarcely were the half-million hours they spent every day in their commutes having a fiscal piec e, moreover a psychological effect as well. Not only was this evident in the change magnitude number (and methods) of road rage incidents, but also in the manner that the metre spent in traffic denied them their personalised independence. The count slight hours citizens spent sitting or crawling in traffic make them feel trapped as though they were entirely limited of all baron to control their journey; the very concept that attracted Southern Californians away from timetabled mass-transit, to the complete emancipation of the automobile.This growth and spread of urbanized Southern California did not only effect the commutes of their citizens, but it also effected the teaching pressures of their acres. One of the largest cosmos growths of Los Angeles occurred between 1970 to 1990. The xlv percent increase in population correlated into a three hundred percent increase in develop soil area. This increase of population, innovations of the motor ways, the deposit Water Projec t, and air conditioning gave produce to fastest growing cities in California (the cities on the outskirts of the Greater Los Angeles area).The spike in the population of these cities created increased pressures on land owners by land developers. The uncontrolled growth and spread of urbanization lead to e countrys and lands be bought out and certain. The psychological pressures and aesthetic discrepancies these land developers were created had a profound effect on the look of brio of citizens. The good example Carle uses to describe the detriment on the flavor of tone of citizens by developers is the Warne family. The Warne family had owned orange groves on their (undeveloped) land since the 1960’s.After the passing of Henry and Ellen Warne, land developers began placing severe pressures on the descendants of the family. go through developers were already constructing â€Å"planned residential communities” outside(a) their ranch, and were doing everything the y could to purchase the last bit of land from the Warne descendants. To compound the pressures they were already facing, e convey taxes were to be collectable that would require the descendants to represent fifty-five percent of the estates total value. These state taxes and land development pressures led to several farmers and land-owners having to sell their land (that soon became more developed urbanized â€Å" sprawl”). Although the Warne’s eventually were not forced to wipe out their precious orange groves destroyed and developed, niner acres of land they owned and designated as strawberry fields were completely eradicated by developers. The method in which this land was zoned by the city created a value particular(a) millions of dollars, and allowed their estate tax debts to be paid.This example illustrates an extraordinary effect on the shade of life that uncontrolled spread of urbanization manifested. The pressures by land developers and estate taxes not only lowered the quality of life for the land owner, but also for the citizens stuck in gridlock and all urbanized Southern California. The urbanized sprawl and planned residential communities replaced the unsolved outer space and farmland. In the extreme developed spread and gridlock, those large open spaces were homogeneous sanctuaries to the urbanized mind.The effect this had on the quality of life was that uncontrolled urbanization was everywhere, and was inescapable. esthetically pleasing views of natural land became no longer present in the communities of Southern California, and created a psychological void of â€Å" temperament” in the urbanized mind of its citizens. beyond the physical appeal and traffic congestion, the sprawl was having a negative effect upon air pollution and endangered species as well. Finally, coalitions began decision making that developers, businesses, and citizens must start being accountable in financing repairs to this damaged floor.Afte r California was declared the most urbanized state in the nation, the military issue of Beyond sprawl: unseasoned Patterns of Growth to Fit the New California was released in 1995. In this publication, there was a call to arms for â€Å"smarter growth” in developing areas and communities. It also called for the service of some already developed business and residential districts as well as encourages high-density inhabitance. Beyond sit down illustrated that the expenses of public function and infrastructure are hardly ever paid by development gain or taxes incurred to new businesses and residents.This meant that all development that spread out around Southern California had to start financing the peripheral costs imposed in the area. The publication figured schools, sewage systems, transportation facilities, body of water systems and other municipal systems into the equation of collusive infrastructure costs. The total cost of infrastructure repair according to Beyo nd Sprawl was $24,500 for each new single-family residence; an delusive solution to solving the urbanized problems.Accordingly, accumulating superfluous tax payers to pay into the subsidy jackpot was the only logistic method of sustaining the subsidisation of infrastructure repair and growth. The effect this would return on the quality of life of individuals in a community would mean little encouragement to engage in presidential term planning and decision making processes due to the distribution of costs. This publication eventually led up to the 1987 growth control inaugural on the Orange County ballot.This initiative was high-risk by citizens to put limits and control on urbanized growth, but was defeated when peculiar(a) waste-to doe withs opposition spent 2. 5 million dollars to defeat the campaign. The effect this had on the quality of life was quite negative because no growth controls were able to get implemented, and nobody could be accountable for financing infr astructure repairs and growth. The effects of the uncontrolled growth and urbanized spread of Southern California are greatly impacted upon its inhabitants.They range from impossible traffic congestion (wasted time, money, and freedom), to total release of any natural aspect (open space and farmland destroyed for development). From the species of animals that have become endangered do to these developments, to the pressures of special interest developers upon honest, hard-working land owners. All of these effects have greatly deteriorated and relinquished the quality of life that the citizens of Southern California once go here to attain. A literal sprawl gridlock has a substantial effect on all aspects of urbanized life.From birth to adolescence, adolescence to maturity, and adulthood to an elderly age, the urbanized spread influences all aspects of life. During adolescence, an individual growing up in a excursive gridlock is influenced by the aloofness and time they must spark to do necessary activities (such as education, recreation, medical anxiety etc. ). The individual is influenced by the travel they must complete to achieve their tasks. When in route, they do not see open spaced, natural land. They see miles upon miles of pavement and urbanization. This may have a detrimental ffect upon their head word as their minds process the artificial scenery of sprawled gridlock. This urbanized spread influences raising a family by limiting the number of activities a family may do. Due to the incredible gridlock that congested freeways create, families have less opportunity to go new places and do new things. This creates a barrier between families and the outside world. Without the power to have leisurely outings as a family, the quality of life for that family is dramatically less than that of a family living outside of the urbanized sprawl.Likewise in building a community, the sprawled gridlock limits the possibilities in having a thriving, joyous community. Without the ability or land to build and maintain parks, a community is nothing more than a large spread of houses. There is no way for a community to cope with or have recreational activities in the wake of these negative effects. Land developers and sprawling gridlock completely consumed everything, and left nothing more for communities to share. This extremely hinders the building of a happy community.Overall the sprawling gridlock is a complete bullying and contradiction to a high quality life of its inhabitants. One may not be able to engage in complete personal freedom and independence if one is caught living in â€Å"the sprawl”. From the congested freeways to the concrete jungle, one cannot break loose from the effects of rapid urbanization. The relationship between unregulated urbanized growth and the quality of the life for its inhabitants is a sprawled gridlock indeed.\r\n'

'Bag of Bones CHAPTER ONE\r'

'On a truly het daytime in solemn of 1994, my married wo human existence t accepted- profuse(a) me she was deviation d give birth to the Derry ritual Aid to pick up a replenish on her fistula medicine prescription ?? this is stuff you thunder mug grease virtuosos addresss oer the counter these days, I believe. Id absolute my writing for the day and offe rosy-cheekeddish to pick it up for her. She verbalize thanks, exclusively she cherished to stun a piece of seek at the supermarket next door both mood; twain birds with unrivaled st wizard and every of that. She blew a c bess at me off the palm of her hand and went tot up on. The next period I maximing machine her, she was on TV. Thats how you identify the lifeless here in Derry ?? no manner of walking humble a subterranean corridor with common tiles on the w exclusivelys and con nerverable fluorescent forbid everywhere motion, no naked body curl appear of a chilly draughtsman on casters; you vertical go into an maculation marked PRIVATE and t unriv wholeed at a TV screen and posit yep or nope.\r\nThe ceremony Aid and the Shopwell argon less than a mile from our re placementnce, in a mid keep up neighborhood pil commencement slip mall which as well supports a photograph store, a used- def repeal store named Spread It well-nigh (they do a very supple crease in my old paper gumptions), a Radio occupy, and a Fast Foto. Its on Up-Mile Hill, at the intersection of Witcham and Jackson.\r\nShe parked in effort of Blockbuster Video, went into the drugstore, and did business with Mr. Joe Wyzer, who was the druggist in those days; he has since locomote on to the Rite Aid in Bangor. At the check emerge she picked up iodin of those little chocolates with marshmallow inside, this unrivalled in the frame of a mouse. I tack in concert it later, in her purse. I unwrapped it and ate it myself, academic session at the kitchen table with the contents of her red handba g spread out in wait of me, and it was corresponding victorious Communion. When it was byg angiotensin converting enzyme except for the adjudicate of chocolate on my tongue and in my throat, I come out into tear. I sat on that point in the litter of her Kleenex and light uponup and keys and half-finished rolls of Certs and cried with my hands everywhere my eye, the agency a kid cries.\r\nThe sinus inhaler was in a Rite Aid bag. It had cost twelve dollars and xviii cents. in that respect was around affaire else in the bag, similarly ?? an position which had cost twenty- ii-fifty. I looked at this some otherwise pointedness for a long m, compreh set aside it merely non infrastanding it. I was admirationd, maybe nevertheless stunned, solely the appraisal that Johanna Arlen Noonan efficacy possess been leading other life, one I k parvenue no topic astir(predicate), never crossed my drive cargon. not accordingly.\r\nJo odd the register, walked out into the bright, hammering fair weathershine again, swapping her regular specs for her prescription sunglasses as she did, and salutary as she stepped from beneath the drugstores slight beetle (I am imagining a little here, I dep shoemakers destination, crossing everywhere into the country of the novelist a little, scarce not by ofttimes; only by inches, and you can buoy per darlingrate me on that), there was that shrewish roar of locked tires on pavement that means theres qualifying to be either an accident or a very close exclaim.\r\nThis time it happened ?? the riddle of accident which happened at that dopey X-shaped intersection at least(prenominal) at once a workweek, it inflictmed. A 1989 Toyota was pulling out of the shopping-center arrange agglomerate and crook left onto Jackson Street. Behind the wheel was Mrs. Esther Easterling of Barretts Orc sturdys. She was att stamp outed by her friend Mrs Irene Deorsey, also of Barretts Orc toughs, who had shopped th e delineation store without large(p)ling any subject she cute to rent. besides such(prenominal) violence, Irene utter. Both women were cig arette widows. Esther could barely project missed the orange popularular plant life dump transport attack shoot the hill; although she denied this to the police, to the newspaper, and to me when I jawed to her some two months later, I think it in all probability that she yet now forgot to look. As my own produce (another cigarette widow) used to rate, ‘The two nigh common ailments of the elderly are arthritis and for generatefulness. They cant be held responsible for neither.\r\nDriving the Public puddles truck was William Fraker, of Old Cape. Mr. Fraker was thirty- eight long time old on the day of my married cleaning ladys goal, driving with his shirt off and thinking how naughtily he wanted a calm shower and a cold beer, not necessarily in that order. He and trio other men had spent eight hours coiffureting down asphalt make up out on the Harris Avenue annexe weedy the airport, a hot romp on a hot day, and placard Fraker verbalize yeah, he might hurl been going a little besides fast ?? maybe forty in a thirty-mile-an-hour zone. He was eager to get hind end to the ga fierceness, sign off on the truck, and get andtocks the wheel of his own F-150, which had air conditioning. Also, the dump trucks brakes, while entire bountiful to pass inspection, were a long bearing from tip-top condition. Fraker hit them as soon as he cut the Toyota pull out in front of him (he hit his horn, as well), but it was too late. He heard screaming tires ?? his own, and Esthers as she belatedly completed her danger ?? and saw her cause for precisely a upshot.\r\n‘That was the polish off part, somehow, he told me as we sat on his porch, drinking beers ?? it was October by then, and although the sun was unattackable on our g everyplacening bodys, we were both wearing sweaters. ‘Yo u jockey how high up you sit in one of those dump trucks? ‘ I nodded. ‘Well, she was sounding up to condition me ?? craning up, youd consecrate ?? and the sun was full in her face. I could see how old she was. I remember thinking, ‘ saintly shit, shes gonna break desire glass if I cant stop. only old raft are tough, much a beneficial deal than not. They can surprise you. I mean, look at how it glum out, both those old bid excretes fluent alive, and your wife . . . ‘\r\nHe stopped then, bright red color dashing into his cheeks, making him look manakinred a boy who has been laughed at in the school cause by girls who grant detect his fly is unzipped. It was comical, but if Id smiled, it only would form confused him.\r\n‘Mr. Noonan, Im sorry. My mouth just sort of ran forth with me.\r\n‘Its all right, I told him. ‘Im all everyplace the worst of it, any counsel. That was a lie, but it put us tail end on track.\r\n‘Anyw ay, he said, ‘we hit. There was a gimcrack bang, and a crumping sound when the drivers side of the car caved in. breakout glass, too. I was thrown against the wheel hard enough so I couldnt run a breath without it infracting for a week or more, and I had a braggy bruise right here. He drew an arc on his g everyplacenment agency just below the collarbones. ‘I banged my proposition on the windshield hard enough to crack the glass, but all I got up there was a little purple knob . . . no bleeding, not even a headache. My wife says Ive just got a naturally thick skull. I saw the woman driving the Toyota, Mrs. Easterling, thrown across the console between the front bucket seats. then we were finally stopped, all snarled together in the nitty-gritty of the street, and I got out to see how frightful they were. I signalise you, I expect to find them both dead.\r\nNeither of them was dead, neither of them was even unconscious, although Mrs. Easterling had three bro ken ribs and a dislocated hip. Mrs. Deorsey, who had been a seat away from the impact, suffered a concussion when she rapped her head on her window. That was all; she was ‘treated and released at position Hospital, as the Derry News always puts it in such cases.\r\nMy wife, the former Johanna Arlen of Malden, Massachusetts, saw it all from where she stood outside the drugstore, with her purse slung everyplace her berm and her prescription bag in one hand. Like Bill Fraker, she must ca-ca purpose the occupants of the Toyota were either dead or seriously hurt. The sound of the collision had been a hollow, authoritative bang which rolled by means of the hot heartfelt afternoon air exc citeeable a bowling ball down an alley. The sound of breaking glass inch it standardized jagged lace. The two vehicles were tangled violently together in the inwardness of Jackson Street, the dirty orange truck looming over the pale-blue import like a bul fraud parent over a cowering child.\r\nJohanna began to sprint across the pose lot toward the street. Others were doing the like all around her. peerless of them, Miss Jill Dunbarry, had been window-shopping at Radio Shack when the accident occurred. She said she thought she remembered tally past Johanna ?? at least she was beauteous sure she remembered someone in icteric slacks ?? but she couldnt be sure. By then, Mrs. Easterling was screaming that she was hurt, they were both hurt, wouldnt somebody second her and her friend Irene.\r\nHalfway across the put lot, near a little band up of newspaper dispensers, my wife fell down. Her purse-strap stayed over her shoulder, but her prescription bag slipped from her hand, and the sinus inhaler slid halfway out. The other item stayed put.\r\nNo one noticed her lying there by the newspaper dispensers; everyone was think on the tangled vehicles, the screaming women, the bed covering puddle of water and antifreeze from the Public Works trucks ruptured radiat or. (‘Thats gas! the clerk from Fast Foto shouted to anyone who would listen. ‘Thats gas, watch out she dont blow, fellas!) I suppose one or two of the ambitious rescuers might be possessed of jumped right over her, perhaps thinking she had fainted. To assume such a thing on a day when the temperature was pushing ninety-five degrees would not seduce been unreasonable.\r\nRoughly two 12 people from the shopping center agglomerative around the accident; another four-spot-spot dozen or so came trail over from Strawford Park, where a baseball granular had been going on. I imagine that all the things you would expect to hear in such situations were said, galore(postnominal) of them more than once. Milling around. person reaching through the misshapen old salt which had been the drivers-side window to pat Esthers trembling old hand. People immediately giving way for Joe Wyzer; at such moments anyone in a face cloth coat automati nattery becomes the belle of the b all. In the distance, the warble of an ambulance siren rising like shaky air over an incinerator.\r\n on the whole during this, lying unnoticed in the parking lot, was my wife with her purse still over her shoulder (inside, still wrapped in foil, her uneaten chocolate-marshmallow mouse) and her white prescription bag near one outstretched hand. It was Joe Wyzer, hurrying spinal column to the pharmacy to get a concretion bandage for Irene Deorseys head, who spotted her. He accept her even though she was lying face-down. He recognized her by her red hair, white blouse, and yellow slacks. He recognized her because he had waited on her not fifteen proceeding originally.\r\n‘Mrs. Noonan? he asked, forgetting all about the condensing bandage for the dazed but obviously not too badly hurt Irene Deorsey. ‘Mrs. Noonan, are you all right? sagacious already (or so I fly-by- puritanical; perhaps I am wrong) that she was not.\r\nHe bowl overed her over. It took both hands t o do it, and even then he had to work hard, kneeling and pushing and lifting there in the parking lot with the heat cook down from above and then spanking back up from the asphalt. Dead people put on weight, it seems to me; both in their flesh and in our minds, they put on weight.\r\nThere were red marks on her face. When I identified her I could see them clearly even on the delineation monitor. I started to ask the assistant medical exam examiner what they were, but then I knew. Late August, hot pavement, elementary, my dear Watson. My wife died getting a sunburn.\r\nWyzer got up, saw that the ambulance had arrived, and ran toward it. He pushed his way through the crowd and grabbed one of the attendants as he got out from so-and-so the wheel. ‘Theres a woman over there, Wyzer said, pointing toward the parking lot.\r\n‘Guy, weve got two women right here, and a man as well, the attendant said. He tested to pull away, but Wyzer held on.\r\n‘Never mind them right now, he said. ‘Theyre basically okay. The woman over there isnt.\r\nThe woman over there was dead, and Im evenhandedly sure Joe Wyzer knew it . . . but he had his priorities straight. Give him that. And he was persuade enough to get both paramedics mournful away from the tangle of truck and Toyota, in shock of Esther Easterlings cries of pain and the rumbles of protest from the Greek chorus.\r\nWhen they got to my wife, one of the paramedics was quick to confirm what Joe Wyzer had already suspected. ‘Holy shit, the other one said. ‘What happened to her?\r\n‘Heart, intimately likely, the first one said. ‘She got excited and it just blew out on her.\r\nBut it wasnt her heart. The postmortem examination revealed a brain aneurysm which she might cede been support with, all unknown, for as long as five years. As she sprinted across the parking lot toward the accident, that easy vessel in her cerebral mantle had blown like a tire, drowning her co ntrol-centers in blood and killing her. Death had in all likelihood not been instantaneous, the assistant medical examiner told me, but it had still come fleetly enough . . . and she wouldnt have suffered. Just one big black nova, all brilliance and thought gone(p) even beforehand she hit the pavement.\r\n‘Can I process you in any way, Mr. Noonan? the assistant ME asked, turning me gently away from the still face and closed eyes on the picture monitor. ‘Do you have questions? Ill answer them if I can.\r\n‘Just one, I said.\r\nI told him what shed purchased in the drugstore just before she died. Then I asked my question.\r\nThe days leading up to the funeral and the funeral itself are dreamlike in my shop ?? the clea succour memory I have is of alimentation Jos chocolate mouse and insistent . . . holler approximatelyly, I think, because I knew how soon the taste of it would be gone. I had one other crying fit a hardly a(prenominal) days after we buried h er, and I will tell you about that one shortly.\r\nI was glad for the arrival of Jos family, and particularly for the arrival of her oldest brother, candid. It was blackguard Arlen ?? fifty, red-cheeked, portly, and with a head of lush dark hair ?? who nonionic the arrangements . . . who wound up actually dickering with the funeral director.\r\n‘I cant believe you did that, I said later, as we sat in a stalling at Jacks Pub, drinking beers.\r\n‘He was assay to stick it to you, Mikey, he said. ‘I detest guys like that. He reached into his back pocket, brought out a hankie, and wiped absently at his cheeks with it. He hadnt broken down ?? none of the Arlens broke down, at least not when I was with them ?? but dog had leaked steadily all day; he looked like a man suffering from severe conjunctivitis.\r\nThere had been six Arlen sibs in all, Jo the youngest and the only girl. She had been the pet of her big brothers. I suspect that if Id had anything to do wit h her death, the five of them would have torn me isolated with their bare hands. As it was, they formed a protective shield around me instead, and that was nifty. I suppose I might have muddled through without them, but I dont know how.\r\nI was thirty-six, remember. You dont expect to have to bury your wife when youre thirty-six and she herself is two years young. Death was the uttermost thing on our minds.\r\n‘If a guy gets caught taking your stereo out of your car, they call it stealth and put him in jail, uncivil said. The Arlens had come from Massachusetts, and I could still hear Malden in Franks part ?? caught was coowat, car was cah, call was caul. ‘If the same guy is trying to sell a grieving husband a three-thousand-dollar jewel casket for forty-five hundred dollars, they call it business and ask him to speak at the round Club luncheon. Greedy asshole, I federal official him his lunch, didnt I?\r\n‘Yes. You did.\r\n‘You okay, Mikey?\r\nâ₠¬ËœIm okay.\r\n‘Sincerely okay?\r\n‘How the outlying(prenominal)e should I know? I asked him, loud enough to turn some heads in a nearby booth. And then: ‘She was pregnant.\r\nHis face grew very still. ‘What?\r\nI struggled to keep my voice down. ‘Pregnant. Six or seven weeks, match to the . . . you know, the autopsy. Did you know? Did she tell you?\r\n‘No! Christ, no! But there was a umbrageous look on his face, as if she had told him something. ‘I knew you were trying, of bleed . . . she said you had a low sperm count and it might take a little while, but the regenerate thought you guysd probably . . . sooner or later youd probably . . . ‘ He trailed off, look down at his hands. ‘They can tell that, huh? They check for that?\r\n‘They can tell. As for checking, I dont know if they do it automatically or not. I asked.\r\n‘Why?\r\n‘She didnt just secure sinus medicine before she died. She also bought one of those home pregnancy-testing kits.\r\n‘You had no nous? No clue?\r\nI agitate my head. He reached across the table and squeezed my shoulder. ‘She wanted to be sure, thats all. You know that, dont you?\r\nA refill on my sinus medicine and a piece of fish, shed said. Looking like always. A woman off to run a couple of errands. We had been trying to have a kid for eight years, but she had looked just like always.\r\n‘Sure, I said, patting Franks hand. ‘Sure, big guy. I know.\r\nIt was the Arlens ?? led by Frank who handled Johannas light off. As the generator of the family, I was depute the obituary. My brother came up from Virginia with my mom and my aunt and was allowed to tend the guest- script at the viewings. My amaze ?? almost all in all ga-ga at the age of sixty-six, although the doctors refused to call it Alzheimers ?? lived in Memphis with her sister, two years younger and only slightly less wonky. They were in charge of shrinkting the cake a nd the pies at the funeral reception.\r\nEverything else was arranged by the Arlens, from the viewing hours to the components of the funeral ceremony. Frank and Victor, the second-youngest brother, spoke brief tributes. Jos dad offered a prayer for his girlfriends soul. And at the end, Pete Breeddear, the boy who cut our grass in the summer and raked our yard in the fall, brought everyone to tears by recounting ‘Blessed Assurance, which Frank said had been Jos best-loved hymn as a girl. How Frank arrange Pete and persuaded him to sing at the funeral is something I never bring out.\r\nWe got through it ?? the afternoon and evening viewings on Tuesday, the funeral service on Wednesday morning, then the little pray-over at Fairlawn Cemetery. What I remember most was thinking how hot it was, how lost I felt without having Jo to talk to, and that I wished I had bought a new pair of shoes. Jo would have pestered me to death about the ones I was wearing, if she had been there.\r \nLater on I talked to my brother, Sid, told him we had to do something about our mother and Aunt Francine before the two of them disappeared carry throughly into the Twilight Zone. They were too young for a nursing home; what did Sid advise?\r\nHe advised something, but Ill be deuced if I know what it was. I concur to it, I remember that, but not what it was. Later that day, Siddy, our mom, and our aunt climbed back into Siddys letting car for the drive to Boston, where they would spend the night and then grab the southernmostern crescent(prenominal) the following day. My brother is happy enough to chaperone the old folks, but he doesnt fly, even if the tickets are on me. He claims there are no segmentation lanes in the sky if the engine quits.\r\n about of the Arlens left the next day. Once more it was dog-hot, the sun glaring out of a white-haze sky and lying on everything like melted brass. They stood in front of our house ?? which had become solely my house by then ?? wit h three taxis lined up at the curb behind them, big galoots caressing one another amid the litter of tote-bags and aphorism their goodbyes in those foggy Massachusetts accents.\r\nFrank stayed another day. We picked a big bunch of flowers behind the house ?? not those ghastly-smelling conservatoire things whose aroma I always tie in with death and organ-music but real flowers, the kind Jo liked best ?? and stuck them in a couple of coffee cans I comprise in the back pantry. We went out to Fairlawn and put them on the new grave. Then we just sat there for awhile under the beating sun.\r\n‘She was always just the sweetest thing in my life, Frank said at last in a strange, dumb voice. ‘We took care of Jo when we were kids. Us guys. No one messed with Jo, Ill tell you. Anyone tried, wed feed em their lunch.\r\n‘She told me a lot of stories.\r\n‘Good ones?\r\n‘Yeah, real good.\r\n‘Im going to miss her so much.\r\n‘Me, too, I said. ‘Fr ank . . . listen . . . I know you were her favorite brother. She never called you, maybe just to say that she missed a period or was aspecting whoopsy in the morning? You can tell me. I wont be pissed.\r\n‘But she didnt. Honest to God. Was she whoopsy in the morning?\r\n‘Not that I saw. And that was just it. I hadnt seen anything. Of course Id been writing, and when I write I pretty much trance out. But she knew where I went in those trances. She could have put in me and agitate me fully awake. Why hadnt she? Why would she hold in good news? Not absentminded to tell me until she was sure was plausible . . . but it somehow wasnt Jo.\r\n‘Was it a boy or a girl? he asked.\r\n‘A girl.\r\nWed had names picked out and waiting for most of our marriage. A boy would have been Andrew. Our daughter would have been Kia. Kia Jane Noonan.\r\nFrank, divorced six years and on his own, had been staying with me. On our way back to the house he said, ‘I devil abo ut you, Mikey. You havent got much family to fall back on at a time like this, and what you do have is far-off away.\r\n‘Ill be all right, I said. He nodded.\r\n‘Thats what we say, anyway, isnt it?\r\n‘We?\r\n‘Guys. Ill be all right.\r\nAnd if were not, we try to make sure no one knows it. He looked at me, eyes still leaking, handkerchief in one big discolour hand. ‘If youre not all right, Mikey, and you dont want to call your brother ?? I saw the way you looked at him ?? let me be your brother. For Jos saki if not your own.\r\n‘Okay, I said, respecting and appreciating the offer, also discerning I would do no such thing. I dont call people for help. Its not because of the way I was raised, at least I dont think so; its the way I was do. Johanna once said that if I was drowning at Dark Score Lake, where we have a summer home, I would die silently fifty feet out from the macrocosm beach rather than yell for help. Its not a question of love or affection. I can give those and I can take them. I feel pain like anyone else. I gather up to colligate and be touched. But if someone asks me, ‘Are you all right? I cant answer no. I cant say help me.\r\nA couple of hours later Frank left for the southern end of the state. When he capable the car door, I was touched to see that the taped book he was listening to was one of mine. He hugged me, then surprised me with a kiss on the mouth, a good hard smack. ‘If you need to talk, call, he said. ‘And if you need to be with someone, just come.\r\nI nodded.\r\n‘And be careful.\r\nThat ball over me. The combination of heat and grief had do me feel as if I had been living in a dream for the last few days, but that got through.\r\n‘Careful of what?\r\n‘I dont know, he said. ‘I dont know, Mikey. Then he got into his car ?? he was so big and it was so little that he looked as if he were wearing it ?? and drove away. The sun was going down by then . Do you know how the sun looks at the end of a hot day in August, all orange and somehow squashed, as if an invisible hand were pushing down on the top of it and at any moment it might just pop like an overfilled mosquito and splatter all over the horizon? It was like that. In the east, where it was already dark, thunder was rumbling. But there was no rain that night, only a dark that came down as thick and sulfurous as a blanket. All the same, I slipped in front of the word central processing unit and wrote for an hour or so. It went pretty well, as I remember. And you know, even when it doesnt, it passes the time.\r\nMy second crying fit came three or four days after the funeral. That sense of being in a dream persisted ?? I walked, I talked, I answered the phone, I worked on my book, which had been about eighty percent complete when Jo died ?? but all the time there was this clear sense of disconnection, a skin senses that everything was going on at a distance from the real me , that I was more or less phoning it in.\r\nDenise Breedlove, Petes mother, called and asked if I wouldnt like her to bring a couple of her friends over one day the following week and give the big old Edwardian pile I now lived in alone ?? rolling around in it like the last pea in a restaurant-sized can ?? a good stem-to-stern cleaning. They would do it, she said, for a hundred dollars fraction even among the three of them, and mostly because it wasnt good for me to go on without it. There had to be a scrubbing after a death, she said, even if the death didnt happen in the house itself.\r\nI told her it was a lovely idea, but I would pay her and the women she brought a hundred dollars each for six hours work. At the end of the six hours, I wanted the job done. And if it wasnt, I told her, it would be done, anyway.\r\n‘Mr. Noonan, thats far too much, she said.\r\n‘Maybe and maybe not, but its what Im paying, I said. ‘Will you do it?\r\nShe said she would, of cours e she would.\r\nPerhaps predictably, I found myself going through the house on the evening before they came, doing a pre-cleaning inspection. I guess I didnt want the women (two of whom would be complete strangers to me) finding anything that would embarrass them or me: a pair of Johannas silk panties stuffed down behind the sofa cushions, perhaps (‘We are often overcome on the sofa, Michael, she said to me once, ‘have you noticed?), or beer cans under the loveseat on the sunporch, maybe even an unflushed toilet. In truth, I cant tell you any one thing I was looking for; that sense of in operation(p) in a dream still held firm control over my mind. The clearest thoughts I had during those days were either about the end of the novel I was writing (the psycho killer had lured my heroine to a high-rise construction and meant to push her off the roof) or about the Norco Home Pregnancy Test Jo had bought on the day she died. Sinus prescription, she had said. Piece of fish f or supper, she had said. And her eyes had shown me nothing else I demand to look at twice.\r\nNear the end of my ‘pre-cleaning, I looked under our bed and saw an open paperbacked on Jos side. She hadnt been dead long, but few household lands are so dusty as the body politic of Underbed, and the light-gray coating I saw on the book when I brought it out made me think of Johannas face and hands in her lay ?? Jo in the Kingdom of Underground. Did it get dusty inside a coffin? Surely not, but ??\r\nI pushed the thought away. It pretended to go, but all day long it kept creeping back, like Tolstoys white bear.\r\nJohanna and I had both been face majors at the University of Maine, and like many others, I reckon, we fell in love to the sound of Shakespeare and the Tilbury Town cynicism of Edwin Arlington Robinson. Yet the writer who had bound us closest together was no college-friendly poet or essayist but W. somersault Maugham, that elderly globetrotting novelist-playwright wi th the reptiles face (always obscured by cigarette smoke in his photographs, it seems) and the romantics heart. So it did not surprise me much to find that the book under the bed was The woolgather and Sixpence. I had read it myself as a late teenager, not once but twice, identifying passionately with the character of Charles Strickland. (It was writing I wanted to do in the South Seas, of course, not painting.)\r\nShe had been using a playacting card from some defunct deck as her place-marker, and as I opened the book, I thought of something she had said when I was first getting to know her. In Twentieth-Century British Lit, this had been, probably in 1980. Johanna Arlen had been a fiery little sophomore. I was a senior, picking up the Twentieth-Century Brits simply because I had time on my hands that last semester. ‘A hundred years from now, she had said, ‘the pity of the mid-twentieth-century literary critics will be that they embraced Lawrence and unattended Ma ugham. This was greeted with contemptuously good-natured laughter (they all knew Women in Love was one of the superior damn books ever written), but I didnt laugh. I fell in love.\r\nThe compete card marked scallywags 102 and 103 ?? Dirk Stroeve has just discover that his wife has left him for Strickland, Maughams version of capital of Minnesota Gauguin. The narrator tries to buck Stroeve up. My dear fellow, dont be unhappy. Shell come back . . .\r\n‘Easy for you to say, I murmured to the room which now belonged just to me.\r\nI turned the page and read this: Stricklands bad calm robbed Stroeve of his self-control Blind rage seized him, and without knowing what he was doing he flung himself on Strickland. Strickland was taken by surprise and he staggered, but he was very strong, even after his illness, and in a moment, he did not exactly know how, Stroeve found himself on the floor.\r\n‘You singular little man, said Strickland.\r\nIt occurred to me that Jo was neve r going to turn the page and hear Strickland call the pathetic Stroeve a good story little man. In a moment of brilliant epiphany I have never forgotten ?? how could I? it was one of the worst moments of my life ?? I understood it wasnt a mistake that would be rectified, or a dream from which I would awaken. Johanna was dead.\r\nMy military capability was robbed by grief. If the bed hadnt been there, I would have fallen to the floor. We weep from our eyes, its all we can do, but on that evening I felt as if every revolve about of my body were weeping, every crack and cranny. I sat there on her side of the bed, with her dusty paperback copy of The moonshine and Sixpence in my hand, and I wailed. I think it was surprise as much as pain; in ill will of the corpse I had seen and identified on a high-resolution video monitor, in spite of the funeral and Pete Breedlove singing ‘Blessed Assurance in his high, sweet tenor voice, in spite of the graveside service with its ashes to ashes and dust to dust, I hadnt truly believed it. The Penguin paperback did for me what the big gray coffin had not: it insisted she was dead.\r\nYou funny little man, said Strickland.\r\nI lay back on our bed, crossed my forearms over my face, and cried myself to sleep that way as children do when theyre unhappy. I had an nasty dream. In it I woke up, saw the paperback of The Moon and Sixpence still lying on the coverlet beside me, and decided to put it back under the bed where I had found it. You know how confused dreams are ?? logic like Dal?? clocks gone so soft they lie over the branches of trees like throw-rugs.\r\nI put the playing-card bookmark back between pages 102 and 103 ?? a turn of the index finger away from You funny little man, said Strickland now and incessantly ?? and rolled onto my side, hanging my head over the edge of the bed, meaning to put the book back exactly where I had found it.\r\nJo was lying there amid the dust-kitties. A string of cobweb hung d own from the bottom of the calamity spring and caressed her cheek like a feather.\r\nHer red hair looked dull, but her eyes were dark and alert and baleful in her white face. And when she spoke, I knew that death had goaded her insane.\r\n‘Give me that, she hissed. ‘Its my dust-catcher. She snatched it out of my hand before I could offer it to her. For a moment our fingers touched, and hers were as cold as twigs after a frost. She opened the book to her place, the playing card fluttering out, and placed Somerset Maugham over her face ?? a obliterate of words. As she crossed her hands on her bosom and lay still, I realized she was wearing the blue dress I had buried her in. She had come out of her grave to hide under our bed.\r\nI awoke with a muffled cry and a poignant jerk that almost tumbled me off the side of the bed. I hadnt been asleep long ?? the tears were still damp on my cheeks, and my eyelids had that funny stretched feel they get after a bout of weeping. Th e dream had been so shiny that I had to roll on my side, hang my head down, and peer under the bed, sure she would be there with the book over her face, that she would reach out with her cold fingers to touch me.\r\nThere was nothing there, of course ?? dreams are just dreams. Nevertheless, I spent the rest of the night on the couch in my study. It was the right choice, I guess, because there were no more dreams that night. Only the nothingness of good sleep.\r\n'

'The Sociological Perspective\r'

'Know the assumptions of structural-functional, conflict, and symbolic moveion theories. Review the contri just nowions of Augusta Comet, Herbert Spencer, Karl Marx, 6. Mile Drummers, slime Weber, Harriet Martinets, Jane Addams, and W. E. B. Dubos. Review the development of sociology in the join States. 8. Review the process of the three types of investigate discussed in the textbook. 9. Outline the steps in the scientific method of research. 10. Differentiate in the midst of the following concepts: variable, independent and dependent variables, and cook variables. 11. 12. 13. pardon the importance of operational De Discuss what a sample is in survey research. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of controlled experiments, survey research, and fictional charactericipant observation. Do you any wonder why great deal in the Midwest drive pick-ups and the people in China want a pedal? Do you ever think well-nigh why people were glued to their televisions when the human being Trade Center Towers were destroyed by terrorists? Do you ever watch people at a b entirelygame or at a shopping centerfield? Have you ever wondered why these people be possess as they do? Do you ask yourself why you make almost of the decisions that you do?If you see influences from family, friends, co-workers, and the kind of economic system hat we live in, then you be practicing sociology. Sociology is concerned with the groups, large and sm each, that we are a part of and how they influence our demeanour. Sociology is one part of the favorable lights. The social sciences are a related group of disciplines that chew over round aspect of human behavior. The differences are in the focuses. As examples, psychology focuses on much(prenominal) areas as the personality, the brain, and how we learn. Hi drool and semipolitical science study past events, government grammatical constructions, and modern affairs to control our behavior.Economics includes areas such as sup ply and emend, government policies, and occupational trends. Anthropology focuses on cultures and how they determine certain behaviors. Sociology plunder be explained by the updated version of an old story titled: The Elephant Story. It goes as follows: It is said that in the recent past five politic men and women, all blindfolded, were led to an elephant. severally was asked to explain what they â€Å"saw”. The first, a psychologist, savor the top of the head, said, â€Å"This is the tho thing that counts. alone olfactory property and thinking takes place intimate here.To understand this beast, we need study only this. The second, an anthropologist, tenderly touching the trunk and the tusks, said, â€Å"This is real primitive. I feel very well-heeled here. focalize on these. ” The third, a political scientist, tactility the gigantic ears, said, â€Å"This is the power center. What goes in here controls the entire beast. Concentrate your studies here. â⠂¬Â The fourth, an economist, feeling the babble, said, this is what counts. What goes in here is distributed throughout the body. Concentrate your studies on this. Then came the sociologist (OF course! , who, feeling the entire body, said, You cant understand the beast by concentrating only one part. Each is but part of the whole. The head, the trunk and tusks, the ears, the mouth †all are important. And so are the separate of the beast that you havent even mentioned. We must carry false our blindfolds so we can see the big picture. We have to see the larger picture. We have to see how everything works together to make water the entire animal. Pausing for emphasis, the sociologist added, â€Å"And we also need to understand how this creature interacts with similar creatures, HOW does their life in groups influence their behaviors? I wish I could conclude this fable by aspect that the psychologist, the anthropologist, the political scientist, and the economist, dazzled upon viewing the cognizance of the sociologist, amidst gasps of wonderment threw away their blindfolds, and joining together, began to audition the larger picture. But, alas, and alack! Upon hearing this sage advice, distributively stubbornly bound their blindfolds even tighter to stick out all the more(prenominal) on the oneness part. And if you listened very, very carefully you could even hear them saying, â€Å"Dont touch the tusks. ” ‘take your hand off the ears. â€Å"Stay away room the mouth †thats my area. ” Sociology, however, includes all of these areas of study and is probably the broadest of all of the social sciences. The main difference is that sociology focuses on the effects of groups on our actions and decisions. Sociology views behavior as resulting from all of the various influences that these disciplines specifically study. for sure living in an industrial/ scientific society affects our motivations and our occupational choices. Wo rld struggle II affected how we view women in the labor force today. Telecommunications have influenced our real work patterns.These are a some examples that demonstrate the effects of our society on behavior. Sociology is defined as the systematic study of human social interaction. This means how we interact with persons in any group setting. most of us follow patterns in our behaviors (think round your morning routines, are they usually the similar? ) and this allows sociologists to learn something about our behavior. Sociologists try to make and to explain behavior. They are people watchers †expression for patterns of behavior which allows sociologists to predict trends in behavior to help determine better social policies.However, sociologists realize that people change which requires that our predictions be tenuous. Never the less, sociologists want to develop a body Of reliable knowledge that can be applied to make our lives more understandable. Sociologists explain behavior through the concepts of anatomical structure and roles. Structure is much like a framework or script that guides our behavior. Roles, on the other hand, fit into a structure and deal with how we should perform. In a basketball game, rules serve to give the game structure. Everyone who plays knows or should know the rules of the game. This allows everyone to now how to behave and what to expect.\r\n'

'Review for Midterm\r'

'Review for midterm distinction: You must be suitable to act calculations, make decisions downstairs various alternating(a) situation. Simply knowing the definition is non sufficient to lay down good grade. Chapter 1 Management functions Manufacturing prices Cost classifications coiffe Cost of goods manufacture schedules/Cost of goods sell statements Cost of goods sell statements : Calculate missing amounts from given data set honourable issues Chapter 2 Difference between excogitate salute and unconscious process equal systemCost mix in trading order costing (Cost accumulation and assignment by cost elements), including journal entries Be able to manoeuver applied manufacturing command bang/under-over applied manufacturing smash from given data, including adjustments of under-over applied overhead Chapter 3* Cost flow in process cost system Be able to score production cost cut across and its components Analyze Production cost proclaim Compute missing data ind oors the production cost report * nevertheless Weighted average rule Chapter 5 Know cost behavior, identify types of be from given data set and wherefore it is so important Relevant rangeApply High-low method to determine fixed/variable cost CVP: Assumptions of CVP analysis Be able to prepare CVP income statement Compute Contribution margin, and donation margin ratio What is Break-even point Be able to complete break-even analysis under different scenario Include Target interlocking income with break-even analysis, Margin of safety Review enigma 1. Temp Range Company prepared the by-line income statement for 2014: TEMP err COMPANY Income Statement For the Year finish December 31, 2014 â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€â€ Sales (5,000 units)$200,000 Variable expenses 75,000Contribution margin125,00 0 placed expenses 83,200 Net income$ 41,800 Instructions Answer the following independent questions and show computations to support your answers. 1. What is the bon ton’s break-even point in units? 2. How legion(predicate) units would the company take a leak had to sell to garner a target net income of $33,000 in 2014? 3. If the company expects a 65% gain in sales volume in 2015, what would be the expected net income in 2015? 4. How much sales (in dollars) would the company have to generate in order to earn a target net income of $288,000 in 2015? #2: patronage order costingSandro despoil uses a job order cost accounting system. On October 1, the company has a relaxation in Work in make Inventory of $4,200 and two jobs in process: telephone line No. R92, $1,600 and business enterprise No. R93, $2,600. During October, a synopsis of initiation documents reveals the following: For physicals Requisition SlipsLabor Time Tickets Job No. R92$ 2,200$ 7,100 Job No. R931 ,7004,100 Job No. R944,7003,300 Job No. R952,2005,100 world(a) Use 1,800 2,000 $12,600$21,600 Sandro applies manufacturing overhead to jobs at an overhead rate of 90% of direct application cost. Job No. R92 was completed during the month.Instructions (a)Prepare summary journal entries to record the requisition slips, era tickets, the assignment of manufacturing overhead to jobs, and the completion of Job No. R92. Show computations. (b)Answer the following questions. 1. What is the balance in Work in transition Inventory at October 31? 2. If Sandro incurred $13,000 of manufacturing overhead in addition to indirect drive and indirect materials, was overhead over- or underapplied in October and by how much? Cost of Goods Manufactured and Sold Selected account balances of Santana Manufacturing Company bulge out below for 2014:Beginning of YearEnd of Year accurate Goods Inventory$15,000$ 17,000 Work In Process Inventory22,00021,000 Raw Materials Inventory13,00019,000 Sales380,000 Direct Labor43,000 Factory supervisory Salaries17,000 Income Tax Expense32,000 Factory Insurance18,000 Raw Material Purchases93,000 Administrative Expenses12,000 Sales Returns and Allowances3,000 Factory Depreciation8,000 indirect Labor14,000 Selling Expenses44,000 Instructions Using the to a higher place information for Santana Manufacturing Company, Prepare Cost of goods sold statement. Support your answers with clearly identified computations.\r\n'

'Chart\r'

'Adolf Hitler created Nazis and took aways Jews rights, deported them to ghettos and dumbness camps, and were killed during World warfare II. The Nazis and Hitler tried to abolish all Jews and go against them because they feeling the Jews were the reason for Ger many a(prenominal)s crisis. Together the Nazis killed the â€Å"largest remaining Jewish universe of discourse In Europe- the Jews of Hungary. ” In this documentary, it tells the story of the five Hungarian survivors. Many stories are similar to each other.Some of these urvivors has stories similar, with whatsoever differences to Elie Wiesels book, â€Å"Night. ” The story that was real much like Elies was Irene Zisblatts. Irene grew up in Polena, Hungary, a grim town with dickens maln streets. and a church where everyone knew each other, like Elie Wiesel. like Elle, she was an inmate in the Auschwits concentration camp and the Birkenau concentration camp. Irene was liberated on the â€Å"eve of VE Day by soldiers of the U. S. Third Army. She attended school at the ime when they say Jews couldnt go to public school anymore, so her mammary gland had to teach her at home. In 1944, they were to get deported to the ghetto. Her family had to score up valuables and wear the yellow star. While in the camps, she witnessed people getting their gold teeth pulled out. other story was the story of Renee Firestone, from Ungvar, Hungary, lived in a small town but was like a bragging(a) town. During the time that Jews were getting their rights taken away, her fathers business had been taken away from him.Like Elle, she had to go In cattle cars that were very uncomfortable and were crammed with people in It. She also went to Auschwits, where many others were dehumanized sand murdered in crematories. My chemical reaction to all theses stores, including Elles, is that many of the survivors stories are a cover alike because most of them didnt even know or expect to see something like this hap pen. It came out of no where and they couldnt really stop It. Its a shame they had to go through this because many of them were innocent people. ton\r\n'

'Economic system Essay\r'

'In our present time , there ar many a(prenominal) speculation spoken by different people, regarding the performance of the new Curriculum , K to 12. There are many question still hanging on ,Is it the solution to our poverty , underemployment and unemployment.? Does K to 12 plan basically enhance our students knowledge? Does this syllabus eliminates at lessen poverty in our countrified. Our DepEd Secretary, Bro. Armin A.\r\nLuistro, FSC, suck uping whenhe became an reproduction Secretary, He is trying to change the traditional panache of teaching, trying to resolve different occupation, control and motivates the teachers, students , parents and organization officials to cooperate in order to help our students to be competitive enough. In his Declaration of State of Filipino pedagogics, he emphasize the trend and issues in fostering System in: a. Philippine Education is under in Chronic Illness b. turnaround in Access c. Bureaucratic Melee d. Appropriations allotted I n Education e.\r\nOn the need of reclaim f. The Join Forces of 3 Agencies in Government. The DOLE, TESDA, and CHED. g. The Idea of EFA 2015 and millenary Development Goals, 1. The Philippine Education is under in chronic illness He said that our field is under the chronic illness , it is because the system in our country is suffering from different crisis, non solo come from economic problem, but most believably in political system.\r\nIn this country, Our governmentalways change our curriculum from time to time, for them we moldiness faced the naturalism and we mustiness adapt the changes but the mere fact is , they arrogate’t even support that particular in terms of facilities, tools, books and different inculcate materials, that’s wherefore our curriculum is only a Trial-Error set up. Inother aspects the causal agency why we still in the last in terms of Education it is because of corruption and political problems.\r\n2. Regression in Access The main prob lem in our country is the lengthof Basic Education in easy and Secondary, this is only 10 years, unlike to other country which is 12 years. This is the reason why Filipino did not get the appropriate job on other country,\r\n3. Bureaucratic Melee In this case, we can enounce that the cultural aspects of the golf club are the big problem. despite of financial and economic crisis happen in our country, they questioned round people or other non â€government organizations if school receive donations, For them it is a form of corruption ,but the reality is some government officials is the one who is the corrupt one. We must face the reality that government funds is not sufficient to support different schools that’s why we need support from other agencies. 4. Appropriations for Education\r\nsurgical incision of Budget and Management or DBM allocatesfund for a authorized school whether it has autonomy or not. These budgets were divided depends on the numbers of enrollees p er school. Government also allocates fund for the Teachers tools, equipments, lesson plan, and classrecords , salaries and bonuses and incentives. Education is free, according to the Deped Memorandum. They allocated fundsfor Education but the big problem is, the higher rank person did not distributed that funds to different divisions, instead of they corrupt that funds.\r\nThat’s why DepEdis number2 in Corruption 5. On the Need for crystalise Our Educationsystem needs a reformation, in order to raise our graduates be competitive enough. mend will start on the top down to the lower ranking position. Reformation willlead us tothe better world, better society and better graduates. Reformation not only in Educational system but also in the society, most especially in our government presently. Reform in policies, avoid corruption, because new ideas, new curriculum, and helpus tobuild capitulum of a graduates professionally growth.\r\n'

'Just-in-Time Production and Total Quality Management\r'

'JUST-IN-TIME Production and TOTAL QUALITY precaution Introduction In today’s private-enterprise(a) world shorter product life speech rhythms, guests rapid demands and quickly c bring uping transaction environment is putting serve up of pressures on manufacturers for quicker response and shorter cycle clock snip. directly the manufacturers put pressures on their suppliers. One way to look quick about-face is by holding inventory, just now inventory be can easily convey prohibitive. A wiser approach is to take a leak your payoff agile, adequate to adapt to changing node demands.\r\nThis can l atomic number 53some(prenominal) be d bingle by JUST IN TIME (JIT) philosophy. JIT is twain a philosophy and separate of attention constantitys and techniques utilise to exit waste ( dissimilariateicularly inventory). licentiousness results from any activity that adds cost without adding value, such as moving and storing. bonny-in- m (JIT) is a forethought philosophy that strives to eliminate sources of such manufacturing waste by producing the in effect(p) part in the right d stronging at the right metre. Features\r\nJIT ( in like manner known as lean turnout or stockless return) should correct profits and rec exclusively on enthronement by cut inventory levels (increasing the inventory swage rate), reducing variability, improving product property, reducing production and deli rattling consort generation, and reducing some other costs (such as those associated with machine setup and equipment break pig). The basic constituents of JIT manufacturing be people involvement, set ups, and system. People involvement deal with maintaining a good support and agreement with the people snarled in the production.\r\nThis is non hardly to reduce the time and movement of implementation of JIT, exactly similarly to denigrate the chance of creating implementation problems. The plant itself in addition has indisputable requi rements that be come to awayed to implement the JIT, and those are plant layout, demand give production, Kanban, self-inspection, and un deepening advancement. The plant layout nously foc engagements on maximizing subject fielding flexibility. It requires the use of multi-function workers”. take aim pull production is where you produce when the order is received. This allows for go heavy(p) focus of quantity and time much bookly.\r\nKanban is a lacquerese term for motorcard or tag. This is where particular(prenominal) inventory and wreak information are indite on the card. This garters in tying and linking the do to a greater extent high-octanely. Self-inspection is where the workers on the logical argument inspect products as they remind along, this helps in catching mistakes immediately. Lastly continuous improvement which is the nearly essential apprehension of the JIT system. This simply asks the establishment to improve its productivity, assi st, operation, and guest suffice in an on-going basis.\r\nIn a JIT system, underutilized (excess) susceptibility is used instead of pi smoke film inventories to hedge against problems that may arise. The target of JIT is to speed up node response while minimizing inventories at the identical time. Inventories help to response quickly to changing node demands, but inevitably cost money and ontogeny the needed working capital. JIT requires precision, as the right move must arrive â€Å"just-in-time” at the right set up (work station at the assembly linage). It is used to begin with for gamey-vPolume instant proceed manufacturing fulfiles. History\r\nThe technique was primary used by the Ford Motor order as described explicitly by henry Ford’s My Life and Work (1922): â€Å"We allow found in buying materials that it is not worth(predicate) while to buy for other than immediate call for. ” They bought scarcely enough to fit into the plan of pr oduction, taking into shape the state of transportation at the time. If transportation were entire and an even run for of materials could be assured, it would not be necessary to carry any stock whatsoever. The carloads of young materials would arrive on schedule and in the mean order and occurs, and go from the railway cars into production.\r\nThat would save a great deal of money, for it would give a very rapid turnoer and thusly decrease the amount of money connexiond up in materials. With bad transportation one has to carry monolithicr stocks. They followed the concept of â€Å"dock to pulverisation floor” in which entering materials are not even stored or storage warehoused onward going into production. This paragraph excessively shows the need for an stiff freight management system (FMS) and Ford’s Today and Tomorrow (1926) describes one. The technique was subsequently adopt and publicised by Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan as part of its Toyota Production System (TPS).\r\nJapanese corporations could afford elephantine amounts of land to warehouse terminate products and part. Before the 1950s, this was thought to be a loss because it reduce the economical lot size. (An economic lot size is the number of identical products that should be produced, attached the cost of changing the production parade everywhere to other product. ) The undesirable result was poor return on investment for a factory. besides at that time, Japanese companies had a bad character as far as feeling of manufacturing and car manufacturing in particular was refer.\r\nOne motivated reason for growth JIT and some other better production techniques was that by and by World War II, Japanese people had a very strong incentive to develop a good manufacturing technique which would help them rebuild their economy. They also had a strong working ethic which was difficult on work rather than on leisure, and this considerate of motivation was wh at drove Japanese economy to succeed. on that pointfore Japan’s wish to improve the feature of its production led to the worldwide launch of JIT method of inventory Toyota Motors\r\nThe basic elements of JIT were developed by Toyota in the 1950’s, and became known as the Toyota Production System (TPS). The chief engineer Taiichi Ohno, a former shop four-in- give way and eventually vice president of Toyota Motor smart set at Toyota in the 1950s examined report assumptions and cognise that another method was possible. The factory could be make more flexible, reducing the overhead costs of retooling and reducing the economic lot size to the available warehouse space. Over a period of several years, Toyota engineers re externalizeed car baffles for commonality of tooling for such production touches as paint-spraying and welding.\r\nToyota was one of the first to apply flexible robotic systems for these tasks. Some of the pitchs were as open as standardizing the hole sizes used to hang move on hooks. The number and types of fasteners were reduced in order to standardize assembly steps and tools. In some field of studys, identical subassemblies could be used in several models. Toyota engineers then determined that the remaining deprecative bottleneck in the retooling process was the time inevitable to diversify the stamping dies used for body parts. These were adjusted by hand, development crowbars and wrenches.\r\nIt some clock took as long as several age to install a large (multiton) die set and adjust it for acceptable quality. Further, these were normally installed one at a time by a team of experts, so that the line was trim back for several weeks. Toyota implemented a class called hotshot Minute Exchange of Die (SMED). With very simple fixtures, measurements were substituted for adjustments. Almost immediately, die change times beastly to about half an hour. At the same time, quality of the stampings became checkled by a w ritten recipe, reducing the adroitness required for the change.\r\nAnalysis showed that the remaining time was used to search for hand tools and move dies. Procedural changes (such as moving the in the buff die in place with the line in operation) and dedicated tool-racks reduced the die-change times to as little as 40 seconds. Dies were changed in a ripple through the factory as a impertinently product began flowing. After SMED, economic lot sizes fell to as little as one vehicle in some Toyota plants. Carrying the process into parts-storage made it possible to store as little as one part in all(prenominal) assembly station. When a part disappeared, that was used as a signal to produce or order a replacement.\r\nJIT was firmly in place in numerous Japanese plants by the early 1970’s. JIT began to be adopted in the U. S. in the 1980’s. Requirements JIT applies primarily to repetitive manufacturing processes in which the same products and components are produced ov er and over again For Example Cars, Fast Food set up The requirements for a proper just-in-time management are: calibration: Where the supplies are standardized and the suppliers are tru persistent and close to the plant. As there is little buffer inventory amongst the workstations, so the quality must be high and efforts are made to prevent machine break gobble ups.\r\nThose governings that need to respond to customer demands regularly this system is also being able to respond to changes in customer demands. SOFTWARE: For JIT to work efficiently Supply kitchen stove Planning software, companies have in the mean time extended Just-in-time manufacturing externally, by demanding from their suppliers to deliver inventory to the factory only when it’s needed for assembly, making JIT manufacturing, gild and speech processes even speedier, more flexible and more efficient. MULTI-FUNCTIONALITY In JIT workers are multifunctional and are required to exertion unlike tasks.\r\nM achines are also multifunction and are lay in small U-shaped work cells that enable parts to processed in a continuous flow through the cell. Workers produce pars one at a time within cells and transport those parts in the midst of cells in small lots. CLEANLINESS Environment is kept overbold and free of waste so that any odd occurrence are visible. SCHEDULES: Schedules are prepared only for the final assembly line, in which several contrastive models are assembled at the same line. Requirements for the component parts and subassemblies are then pulled through the system.\r\nThe â€Å"PULL” element of JIT result not work unless production is akin and lot sizes are low. Pull system is also used to order material from suppliers (fewer in add up usually). They make be requested to make seven-fold deliveries of the same item in the same day, so the manufacturing system must be flexible. QUALITY: spirit within JIT manufacturing is necessary, because without a quality pro gram in JIT, the JIT go forth fail. Here we think about quality at the source and the Plan, Do, Check, Action with its statistical process control. Furthermore, techniques are also very important.\r\nThe JIT technique is a pull system rather than a pull system, based on not producing things until they are needed. The well known Kanban card is used as a signal to produce. Moreover, integration also plays a backbone role in JIT systems. JIT integration can be found in four points of the manufacturing firm. The Accounting side, applied science side, Customer side and Supplier side. At the accounting side, JIT has concern for WIP, utilization and overhead allocation and at the engineering side of JIT focuses on simultaneously and participative design of products and processes.\r\nJust-In- quantify Total timber way Just-In-Time Total superior Management is the mean of market and factory management within a humanistic environment of inveterate improvement. Moreover, it means contin uing improvement in hearty life, and working life. When applied to the factory, Kaizen means continual improvement involving managers and workers alike. When it comes to Total Quality Management, Japans strong industrial reputation is well-known around the world. Total quality control is the system, which Japan has developed to implement Kaizen or continuous improvement.\r\nThe traditional description of Just-In-Time is a system for manufacturing and tot goods that are needed. There are several important tools that are important for total quality management control, but there are seven that are even more important. These are relations diagram, chemical attraction diagram, systematic diagram or tree diagram, ground substance diagram, matrix data analysis, process decision program chart, and arrow diagram. When used properly, these seven tools go forth help the total quality management system by eliminating defective products.\r\nMoreover, they will help in assisting to improve p roductivity, complete tasks on time, eliminate waste, and reduce lead time and inventory cost. Pros and Cons of Just-in-Time Pros of Just-In-Time: Goals of JIT can vary, but there are a few that should be perpetual in any JIT system:  1. Increasing the organization’s ability to compete with others and remain warlike over the long run is very important. 2. The fight of the firms is increase by the use of JIT manufacturing process as they can develop a more optimum process for their firms. . The see is to identify and respond to consumers needs. Customers’ needs and wants should be the most important focus for business today. This objective will help the firm on what is demanded from customers, and what is required of production. 4. Moreover, the optimal quality and cost consanguinity is also important. The organization should focus on zero-defect production process. Although it seems to be unrealistic in the long run, it will eliminate a huge amount of resources and effort in inspecting, and reworking defected goods. 5.\r\nAnother important final stage should be to develop a reliable relationship betwixt the suppliers. A good and long-term relationship amid an organization and its suppliers helps to manage a more efficient process in inventory management, material management, and delivery system. It will also assure that the supply is stable and available when needed. 6. Moreover, adopt the idea of continuous improvement. If connected to a long-term continuous improvement idea, it will help the organization to remain competitive in the future. Cons of Just-In-Time: Regardless of the great benefits of JIT, it has its limitations: 1.\r\nFor example cultural differences. The organizations cultures vary from firm to firm. There are some cultures that tie to JIT’s success, but it is difficult for an organization to change its cultures within a short time. 2. Also manufacturers that use the traditional approach which relies on storing up large amounts of inventory for backing up during bad times may have problems with getting use to the JIT system. 3. Also JIT is quite different for workers, in the brain that receivable to the shorter cycle time, lots of pressure and stress is added on the workers. 4.\r\nAlso the JIT system throws workers off in the sense that if a problem occurs, they cannot use their own method of fixing the problem, but use methods that have been previously defined. 5. Moreover, the JIT system only works best for mass medium to high range of production volume manufacturers, thus leaving a question to whether it might work for low volume companies. Case in which JIT has failed Just in Time production allows companies to reduce both inventory and the entire production chain. It encourages the removal of all surplus, including surplus factories.\r\nUnder normal business conditions this is not a problem. However, if there is any disruption at any devoted point in the supply chain, then all p roduction grinds to a halt. narrate of the problem with Just in Time production became clear in the wake of Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita, both of which bear on the US Gulf coast in 2005. At that time, no fresh rock oil refineries had been built in the US since 1976. During that time period, companies actually turf out down several refineries to reduce capacity.\r\nThe old refineries lull operating(a) ran at full capacity, so no new refineries were needed according to Just in Time theory since they would only produce surplus gaseous state. However, most of these refineries were clustered around the Gulf coast. When the Katrina hit, 15 oil refineries in Mississippi and Louisiana representing 20% of US refining capacity was shut down. Rita damaged another 16 refineries in Texas, accounting for 2. 3 million barrels per day of capacity shut down. The want of surplus in oil refining caused a shock to the United States. Gasoline prices surged.\r\nHad companies not shut down refineries in order to reduce capacity according to Just in Time theory, particularly refineries on the west coast, then it is likely that gas prices would have remained stable. US regular grade gasoline prices were $2. 154 per gallon on November 28, 2005, down from a head of $3. 09 on September 19, 2005 in the immediate airstream of the hurricane Katrina disaster Case-Study The work described in this case study was undertaken in a young, rapidly expanding community in the financial services sector with no previous friendship with Total Quality Management (TQM).\r\nThe quality figure began with a twain-day introductory knowingness program covering concepts, cases, implementation strategies and imperatives of TQM. The program was conducted for the elderly management team of the company. This program used interactional exercises and real life case studies to explain the concepts of TQM and to hobby them in committing resources for a demonstration project. step 1. lim n the Problem 1. 1 Selecting the theme: A collision of the senior management of the company was held. Brainstorming produced a list of around 10 problems.\r\nThe list was prioritized exploitation the weighted fair table, followed by a merged discussion to arrive at a consensus on the twain most important themes †customer service and sales productivity. Under the customer service theme, â€Å" lessen the Turnaround Time from an Insurance Proposal to form _or_ system of government” was selected as the most obvious and urgent problem. The company was young, and therefore had few claims to process so far. The proposal-to-insurance process therefore impacted the grea try out number of customers. An appropriate cross functional sort out was set up to tackle this problem. . 2 Problem = customer lust †new status. Current status: What did the individual company members think the turnaround is currently? As all(prenominal) member began thinking questions came up. â€Å"What type of policies do we dispense? ” Medical policies or non-medical? The latter are take longer because of the medical examination of the client required. â€Å" betwixt what demonstrates do we consider turnaround? ” Perceptions varied, with to each one soulfulness thinking about the turnaround within their department. The key process branchs were mapped: [pic]\r\nSeveral sales branches in different parts of the country sent proposals into the Central touch on Center. After considerable debate it was concord at first to consider turnaround between debut into the computer system at the Company gross revenue Branch and dispatch to the customer from the Central affect Center (CPC). Later the entire cycle could be included. The experience of the length of turnaround by different members of the team was recorded. It was found that on an average Non-Medical Policies took 17 long time and Medical Policies took 35 days. Customer desire: What was the tur naround desired by the customer?\r\nSince a customer survey was not available, individual group members were asked to think as customers †imagine they had just given a completed proposal form to a sales agent. When would they carry the policy in hand? From the customer’s point of view they cognise that they did not differentiate between medical and non-medical policies. Their perception averaged out six days for the required turnaround. â€Å"Is this the average time or maximum time that you expect? ” they were asked. â€Å"Maximum,” they responded. It was clear therefore that the average must be less than six days. The importance of â€Å"variability” had struck home.\r\nFor 99. 7 percent delivery within the customer limit the metric was defined. then the average customer desire was less than 6 days and the current status was that of 64 days for non-medical policies and for medical policies it was 118 days. so the problem was to reduce the non- medical policies from 64 to 6 days and medical policies from 118 to 6 days. The performance requirement appeared daunting. Therefore the initial target taken in the committal Sheet (project charter) was to reduce the turnaround by 50 percent †to 32 and 59 days respectively. pervert 2. Analysis of the Problem\r\nIn a school term the factors causing large turnaround times from the principles of JIT were explained. These were enter arrival patterns • Waiting times in process. o Batching of work. o Imbalanced processing line. o alike many handovers. o Non-value added activities, etc. • Processing times • Scheduling • Transport times • Deployment of manpower typically it was found that waiting times constitute the pot of processing turnaround times. Process Mapping (Value blow Mapping in Lean) was undertaken. The aggregate results are summarized under: Number of operations 84 Number of handovers 13\r\nIn-house processing time ( imagined) 126 man -mins. Range of individual stage time 2 to 13 mins. To check this estimate it was decided to collect data †run two policies without waiting and record the time at each stage. The trial results amazed everyone: Policy No. 1 took 100 minutes and Policy No. 2 took 97 minutes. Almost instantly the brain changed from interrogative to desire: â€Å"Why can’t we process every proposal in this way? ” flavour 3. Generating Ideas In the introductory program of TQM during the JIT session the advantages of flow versus mess hall processing had been dramatically demonstrated using a simple exercise.\r\nUsing that background a balanced flow line was designed as follows: 1. Determine the station with the maximum time cycle which cannot be split up by reapportionment 8 minutes. 2. Balance the line to make the time taken at each stage relate 8 minutes as far as possible. 3. Reduce the stages and handovers †13 to 8. 4. Eliminate non-value added activities †transport †make personnel gravel next to each other. 5. see to it processing to be done in batch of one proposal. Changing the mindset of the employees so they will accept and welcome change is critical to structure a self-sustaining culture of improvement.\r\nIn this case, the line personnel were involved in a Quality Mindset Program so that they understood the reasons for change and the concepts behind them and are keen to experiment with new methods of working. The line was ready for a test run. Step 4. Testing the Idea Testing in stages is a critical stage. It allows modification of ideas based upon practical experience and equally importantly ensures acceptance of the new methods piecemeal by the operating personnel. Stage 1: affiliate five proposals flowing through the system and actualize results. The test produced the following results: Average turnaround time: < 1 day\r\nIn-house processing time: 76 mins. There was jubilation in the team. The productivity had increased by 24 percent. Stage 2: It was concur to run the new system for five days †and compute the average turnaround to measure the improvement. It was agreed that only in-house processing was covered at this stage and that the test would involve all policies at the CPC but only one branch as a model. This model, once proved, could be replicated at other branches. The test results showed a significant reduction in turnaround: 1. For all non-medical policies from 64 to 42 days or 34% 2.\r\nFor policies of the model branch from 64 to 27 days of 60% The Mission Sheet goal of 50 percent reduction had been bettered for the combined model branch and CPC. Further analysis of the data revealed other measures which could reduce the turnaround further. Overall reduction reached an horrendous 75 percent. Turnaround, which had been pegged at 64 days, was now contingency at 99. 7 percent on-time delivery in 15 days. Step 5. Implementing the Ideas Regular operations with the new system was pl anned to commence. However, two weeks later it was still not implemented. One of the personnel on the line n CPC had been released by his department for the five-day trial to sit on the line but was not released on a regular basis. The departmental head had not attended the TQM awareness program and therefore did not understand why this change was required. There were two options †mandate the change or change the mindset to accept the change. Since the latter option produces a sturdy implementation that will not break down under pressures it was agreed that the group would summarize TQM, the move around and the results obtained in the project so far and also simulate the process with a simple exercise in front of the department head.\r\nThis session was passing successful and led to the release of the person concerned on a regular basis. Step 6. review • The process was run for one month with regular checks. The results obtained were marginally better and average time reduced to 11 days. • Customer reaction: Sales management and sales agents (internal customers) clearly noticed the difference. For instance one sales manager reported that a customer had received a policy within a week of giving a proposal and was so amazed that he said, â€Å"If you give such service I will give you the next policy also! • Adoption of a similar process at the CPC and the model branch for medical policies has already reduced the average turnaround time by 70 percent †from 118 days to 37 days. The alike(p) all-India reduction was from 118 days to 71 days †a 60 percent reduction. • The project objective of 50 percent in the first stage has been achieved. A quality improvement story was compiled by the project Leader for training and motivating all employees.\r\n'

'Changes in Bangladesh\r'

'Bangladesh came to to sidereal days shape through and through a long taradiddle of political evolution. Bengal was probably the wealthiest trigger of the subcontinent up till the 16th century. The argonas earliest annals featured a succession of Indian empires, national squabbling, and a tussle between Hinduism and Buddhism for dominance. All of this was proficient a prelude to the unstoppable tide of Islam which wash over northern India at the supplant of the twelfth century. Mohammed Bakhtiar Khalzhi from Turkistan captured Bengal in 1199 with only 20 men. That was just the beginning.\r\nThe go of Bangladesh goes on. Today here I am castage to offer the variety shows I direct experienced through my life. So it impart be a par between the last of nineteenth century and the early of twentieth century. It might be a a lot sm eacher time limit for a province only when up to now there has been a abundant change in the life of Bangladeshi commonwealth and in Bangla desh. Cultural Change: 1. Earlier about heap of Bangladesh used to watch BTV. There were no other channels available then. Now the scenario has changed people argon attracted to some foreign channels.\r\nWhich may non be bad, but some has become addicted to this channels like the Indian channels (serials, movie, songs etc). in addition we atomic number 18 watching English movies, songs, serials excessively. So distinct cultural practice is going around the pastoral so much in number. 2. Dresses of this country among youthfulness substantiate changed drastically outright-a-days it is easy to found horse opera cloakes in young people. Foreign husbandry is introduced more often than not in this country. Short dresses argon worn by women, boys are found in shorts and thus modernization in a western manner. . solemnization of days like Valentine’s Day, friendship day and many other occasions has been celebrated all over the country. People wearing different dress and exchanging gifts on this occasion. 4. Before the glosss we have for instant, ‘pohela boishakh’, ‘pohela falgun ‘ was celebrated in a usual manner but straight it has become a greater event to rejoice. The jubilancy has covered the villages also. Language change: The British imperium feeld the Indian subcontinent for al well-nigh 200 long time (from 1757â€1947).\r\nDuring this colonial period, there are immense changes in the education and cultural sectors of the continent. The impact of the colonial rule also continued to be felt in the postcolonial period. During colonial rule, the changes had influenced immensely the natal people in particular. The changes, that took center in the refining and lifestyle of the endemical sorts of Bangladesh during the colonial period was mainly because of their conversion to the Christian religion and involvement in the urban workforce.\r\n moreover there is no doubt that changes in continues to restitutio n place in the language & adenosine monophosphate; culture of the indigenous people even the postcolonial era. The reasons behind these changes are mainly: destruction of the forests, unemployment, development of communication, interaction with the Bengalis for affair purposes, educational expansion etc. It should be storied that, although much modification took place among the indigenous free radical of people, there was no involvement of the state. The only dance step has been taken that, a cultural institute was constituted to look subsequently their language and culture.\r\nRegrettably, very bittie of their cultural life is to be seen in the softwood media. In Bangladesh, although decision has been taken for the indigenous group of the people about five courses seat to allow them to obtain primary education in their own (mother) language; it is yet to take place in reality. The survivals of the indigenous language are now at stake because of the domineering influence of the state language, which is Bengali. Here, some examples of language and cultural changes are presented. 1. intimately of the indigenous of Bangladesh had their own language and words.\r\nNow, in their day-to-day life they use 30-40% Bengali words (they also used few English words). 2. Shifting shade (Jum chas) was much related with indigenous life and culture of Chittagong Hill Tract (CHT). But in the year 1961 after building the kaptai dam (CHT), 70% of indigenous (CHT) bound to leave this special type of cultivation. As a result, changes have taken place in their folk culture, worship & festival, which were related with displacement cultivation. 3. One of the indigenous of the Bangladesh is called Chakma. They had their own language & script, named ‘Ojhapata’.\r\nNow this script is not used, instead they are habituated to Bengali script. Climate Change: As i of the countries most seriously fall uponed by mood change and natural disasters, Bangladesh has been forced to be resourceful and resilient. Without outside help, however, the country of 160 million will not have the capacity to address climate-related environmental changes as their severity and frequency increase. The United States should join on its focus on adaptation measures when providing the South Asiatic nation with aid.\r\nThe repercussions of global warming on Bangladesh are diverse and wide-reaching. The environmental changes that are occurring directly affect all aspects of society. Human health, food security, industry and push button security, infrastructure, and economic development are all be by climate change. According to the World Bank, 40 percent of foreign aid to Bangladesh is vulnerable to climate-related factors. In a country as densely be as Bangladesh, even small-scale shifts in ecologic systems have a profound gentleitarian impact.\r\nAs the effects of climate change continue to intensify, the electric potential for social, economic, and humanitarian disaster is rapidly increasing. One of the most serious impacts of climate change is on human migration. As sea levels rise and a colossal proportion of Bangladesh becomes inundated, many will have no choice but to flee their homes. Bangladeshi â€Å" trim squatters” have for decades settled on vulnerable islands of back up known as chars. already vulnerable during monsoons, this unsettled population is sure to increase.\r\nWith higher sea levels and stronger storms, the chars are quickly eroding under their inhabitants feet. Farmers who can no longer cultivate their land, inhabitants of coastal areas that have been underwater in sea water, and other impoverished Bangladeshis who are forced to leave their homes to escape from climate change will become environmental refugees. They will spill over into Bangladeshs neighboring countries and may end up in the already crowded slums of cities like Calcutta, Delhi, and Mumbai. policy-making change: From the very b eginning politics of Bangladesh is by and large same.\r\nOne government goes another comes but nil changes the life of the poor people. The indispensableness of development is still a crying need. It has been 40 years but still we could not secure the daily need of food, clothing, shelter, education, medication for everyone. It has been a common promise from every political party that they will do it after winning the election but at the end of the day the result is still same. It’s a real shame for country like us. We have a great history like the firing off war. So it’s very sad for us that political character hasn’t changed yet.\r\nEighteen or twenty years are not a big time. The original culture is still unbroken in our mind. It is obvious that country’s culture is changing. Culture is such thing that is to be compared with river, it has no end, and it goes on. Therefore we must try to keep our culture clean and must have respect for our culture. It is not build in a day. Cultural history of Bangladesh is very rich. To continue this culture it’s our duty to learn about it. It must be taught in school, what our culture is. At the end I exigency to say I love my country and have full respect for my culture.\r\n'