Conceptual Framework Of Risk Factors Of Preterm Birth Essay

Conceptual Framework of Risk Factors of Preterm Birth Preterm birth (PTB) is defined by World Health Organization (WHO), as â€Å"a premature birth occurs before the start of the 37th week of pregnancy†(World Health Organization). It is not only a medical problem but also a huge public health issue, because the consequences of preterm birth include multiple infant health problems, such as multi-organ dysfunction and developmental defects, later behavioral and psychological disorders, and higher infant mortality rates. For example, a study indicates that preterm births accounts for one third of infant mortality in the US (Callaghan et al.). Considering the severity, the health outcome is PTB in this conceptual framework. In St. Louis, the prevalence of PTB is 12.5%, higher than both Missouri and National level respectively (9.8% vs. 9.6%) (National Center for Health Statistics (US) Division of Vital Statistics). Moreover, in St. Louis where 49.2% residents are African Americans (AAs), the prevalence of PTB among AAs are higher than European Americans (13.4% vs. 9.1%), suggesting health disparity is prominent. In addition, AA female adolescents are vulnerable to teen birth due to 26% of teen births and 22% repeat teen pregnancy are AAs (U.S. Department of Health Human Services, Office of Adolescent Health). Thus, the target population in current conceptual framework is AA teenage mothers (age under 20 years). The risk factors of PTB in current framework are classified into fourShow MoreRelatedDeveloping Countries Are Plagued By Poor Maternal, Infant And Child Health Essay1240 Words   |  5 Pageshave a greater risk of death or giving birth to a preterm, underweight or malnourished infant (Save the Children 2012). Good nutrition during the first 1000 days is important to lay the foundation for optimal child brain development (Save the Children 2012). This is so they have better cognitive, motor and social skills, can be successful at school and be productive members in their communities and country (Save the Children 2012). Maternal malnutrition is a changeable risk factor for the preventionRead MoreAnalysis of Middle Range Nursing Theory Essay2095 Words   |  9 Pagesapproximately 30%-75% of pregnant women and resolves after delivery. Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy can also increase the risk of extensive erosion (Varney, Kriebs, Gegor, 2004; Barak, Oettinger, Machetie, Peled, Ohel, 2003). In addition, changes in diet, such as increased consumption of carbohydrates, increased acid from vomiting, and changes in oral hygiene may increase the risk of tooth decay during pregnancy (Russel Mayberry, 2008). Current research and evidence shows the importance ofRead MoreBonding : Maternal Infant Attachment And The Maternal Role Attainment Theory1707 Words   |  7 Pagesparadigm. (McEwen, M. Wills, E.M.) According to McEwen Wills concept exploration, concept clarification, and concept analysis are three strategies described by Meleis in 2012. These are used in nursing theory, research and practice to develop conceptual meanings. (McEwen, M. Wills, E.M.) This concept exploration paper will focus on Bonding: maternal-infant attachment and the Maternal Role Attainment Theory. The MFAS (Maternal Fetal Attachment Scale) (Cranley, 1981) is a renowned tool to measureRead MoreDifferences InMortality, Burden, And Cost To Society?6210 Words   |  25 Pages 1.1.3 Mortality, Burden, and Cost to Society The epidemiologic burden of pre-term births in Canada is significant. Preterm infants have shown substantially higher health expenditures and hospital costs than infants who are born at the recommended gestational age (CIHI, 2006). For neonates born at 29 weeks †¢ Birthweight: ≠¤749 g; 750 g – 999 g; ≠¥1000 g GA and BW were chosen as sub-group categories because they allow for a clear and concise way to separate the patient population. ExaminingRead Morepreschool Essay46149 Words   |  185 Pagesmastered in one area with those in other areas. The Desired Results Developmental Profile access provides a means to observe the knowledge and skills of preschool children with disabilities whose development is best described within a range from birth to five years. The examples listed under each foundation suggest a range of possible ways in which children can demonstrate the competency addressed by a founda- tion. The examples illustrate the different contexts in which children may show